{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:48:42Z","timestamp":1776098922933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Federacion Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecologia","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revista.fecolsog.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objetivos: reportar el caso de una gestante con diagn\u00f3stico de feto con teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo inmaduro y realizar una revisi\u00f3n describiendo el pron\u00f3stico de esta patolog\u00eda.\nMateriales y m\u00e9todos: se reporta el caso de una gestante de 27 a\u00f1os, atendida en la Unidad de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obst\u00e9trica de un centro de referencia en Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia), por hallazgo durante el control prenatal de un feto con evidencia de polihidramnios secundario a teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo. Se realiz\u00f3 una b\u00fasqueda bibliogr\u00e1fica en las bases de datos Medline v\u00eda PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y ScienceDirect, restringiendo tipo de idioma (ingl\u00e9s y espa\u00f1ol) y por fecha de publicaci\u00f3n (enero de 2001 a enero de 2021). Se incluyeron reportes de caso y series de casos que abarcaran el pron\u00f3stico de esta patolog\u00eda.\nResultados: la b\u00fasqueda recuper\u00f3 168 t\u00edtulos, de los cuales 55 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusi\u00f3n. En total se report\u00f3 el resultado perinatal de 58 fetos con diagn\u00f3stico de teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo inmaduro detectado en etapa prenatal. En los casos identificados, la mortalidad perinatal fue del 25,4\u2009% y el porcentaje de \u00f3bito fue cercano al 3,6\u2009%.\nConclusiones: el teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo inmaduro es una patolog\u00eda poco frecuente. La literatura disponible sugiere que el pron\u00f3stico fetal depende del grado de compromiso de las estructuras intracraneales y de la posibilidad de resecci\u00f3n de la lesi\u00f3n. Se requieren m\u00e1s estudios que eval\u00faen el pron\u00f3stico de los fetos con teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo inmaduro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18597\/rcog.3906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T18:12:44Z","timestamp":1680027164000},"page":"68-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18597\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo inmaduro con diagn\u00f3stico prenatal: reporte de un caso y revisi\u00f3n de la literatura","Immature nasopharyngeal teratoma with prenatal diagnosis: Case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.18597","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angy Lorena","family":"Meneses-Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-8194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Eduardo","family":"Tarazona-Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9143-1006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Leonardo","family":"Arag\u00f3n-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Altman-Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Militar Central, Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"92646","unstructured":"Tenorio SJ, Garc\u00eda MA, Mu\u00f1oz BJA, Monroy HVM, Delgado SBE. Teratoma nasofar\u00edngeo con extensi\u00f3n temporal y fosa subtemporal izquierda. Rev Mex Pediatr. 2015;82(5):165-70."},{"key":"92647","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noguchi T, Jinbu Y, Itoh H, Matsumoto K, Sakai O, Kusama M. Epignathus combined with cleft palate, lobulated tongue, and lingual hamartoma: Report of a case. Oral Surg, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2006;101(4):481-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.06.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.06.025"},{"key":"92648","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makki FM, Al-Mazrou KA. Nasopharyngeal teratoma associated with cleft palate in a newborn. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;265(11):1413-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-008-0611-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0611-2"},{"key":"92649","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang CC, Lai JP, Lui CC. Cleft palate with congenital midline teratoma. Ann Plast Surg. 2003;50(5):550-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.SAP.0000037462.83232.1E","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SAP.0000037462.83232.1E"},{"key":"92650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fotopoulou C, Toennies H, Guschmann M, Henrich W. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of an oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus) on a stillborn infant: A case report. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2007;211(4):165-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-960682","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-960682"},{"key":"92651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson RE, Fabbroni G, Russell JL. A large teratoma of the hard palate: A case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47(1):46-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.12.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.12.015"},{"key":"92652","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonni G, De Felice C, Centini G, Ginanneschi C. Cervical and oral teratoma in the fetus: A systematic review of etiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;282(4):355-61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-010-1500-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-010-1500-7"},{"key":"92653","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu P, Li XY. Management of oropharyngeal teratoma: Two case reports and a literature review. J Int Med Res. 2021;49(2):2-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060521996873","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060521996873"},{"key":"92654","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaido Y, Kikuchi A, Oyama R, Kanasugi T, Fukushima A, Sugiyama T. Prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a hypovascular epignathus with a favorable prognosis. J Med Ultrason. 2013;40(1):61-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10396-012-0381-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-012-0381-8"},{"key":"92655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez CM, Moreno PJ, Salazar MG, Garc\u00eda PPF, Montes-Tapia FF, Cervantes VH, et al. Surgical management of palatal teratoma (Epignathus) with the use of virtual reconstruction and 3D models: A case report and literature review. Arch Plast Surg. 2021;48(5):518-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2021.00318","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00318"},{"key":"92656","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halterman SM, Igulada KN, Stelnicki EJ. Epignathus: Large obstructive teratoma arising from the palate. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J. 2006;43(2):244-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/04-166.1","DOI":"10.1597\/04-166.1"},{"key":"92657","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonni G, Centini G, Inaudi P, Rosignoli L, Ginanneschi C, De Felice C. Prenatal diagnosis of severe epignathus in a twin: Case report and review of the literature. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J. 2010;47(4):421-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/08-224.1","DOI":"10.1597\/08-224.1"},{"key":"92658","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araujo E, Guimaraes HA, Saito M, Pires AB, Pontes AL, Nardozza LM, Moron AF. Prenatal diagnosis of a large fetal cervical teratoma by three-dimensional ultrasonography: A case report. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007; 275:141-4 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-006-0180-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0180-9"},{"key":"92659","unstructured":"Lionel J, Miloslav V, Khaled AA-A. Giant epignathus. A case report. Kwait Med J. 2004;36(3):217-20."},{"key":"92660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinho A, Teixeira P, de Barros L, Dutra A, Daltro P, Fazecas T, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of cervical masses by magnetic resonance imaging and 3D virtual models: Perinatal and long-term follow-up outcomes. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2020;33(13):2181-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2018.1543393","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1543393"},{"key":"92661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchali M, Sharabu C, Latha M, Kumar L. A rare case of oropharyngeal teratoma diagnosed antenatally with MRI. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2014;4(1):1-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2156-7514.129261","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.129261"},{"key":"92662","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wannemuehler TJ, Deig CR, Brown BP, Morgenstein SA. Obstructing in utero oropharyngeal mass: Case report of a lymphatic malformation arising within an oropharyngeal teratoma. Ear, Nose Throat J. 2017;96(1):37-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014556131709600106","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131709600106"},{"key":"92663","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrini V, Colasurdo F, Guerriero M. Epignathus with oropharynx destruction. Autops Case Reports. 2021;11:1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4322\/acr.2021.293","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2021.293"},{"key":"92664","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi MM, Bussamra LCS, Araujo E, Drummond CL, Herbst SRS, Nardozza LMM, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of a large epignathus teratoma using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound: Correlation with pathological findings. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J. 2014;51(3):350-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/12-222","DOI":"10.1597\/12-222"},{"key":"92665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy GR, Neducsin BP, L\u00e1z\u00e1r L, Stenczer B, Csap\u00f3 Z, Rig\u00f3 J. Early prenatal detection of a fast-growing fetal epignathus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012;38(11):1328-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.01865.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2012.01865.x"},{"key":"92666","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kontopoulos EV, Gualtieri M, Quintero RA. Successful in utero treatment of an oral teratoma via operative fetoscopy: Case report and review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(1):1-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.008"},{"key":"92667","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faghfouri F, Bucourt M, Garel C, Benchimol M, Amarenco B, Soupre V, et al. Prenatal assessment of a fast-growing giant epignathus. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2014;33(1):55-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/15513815.2013.850134","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2013.850134"},{"key":"92668","unstructured":"Wang AC, Gu YQ, Zhou XY. Congenital giant epignathus with intracranial extension in a fetal. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(19):2386-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0366-6999.215343"},{"key":"92669","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calda P, Novotn\u00e1 M, \u010cutka D, B\u0159e\u0161t\u2019\u00e1k M, Ha\u0161l\u00edk L, Goldov\u00e1 B, et al. A case of an epignathus with intracranial extension appearing as a persistently open mouth at 16 weeks and subsequently diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2011;39(3):164-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcu.20762","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20762"},{"key":"92670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naleini F, Farshchian N, Mehrbakhsh M, Kamangar PB. A case report of a massive epignathus. J Med Life. 2020;13(3):435-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25122\/jml-2019-0164","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0164"},{"key":"92671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirishima M, Yamada S, Shinya M, Onishi S, Goto Y, Kitazono I, et al. An autopsy case of epignathus (immature teratoma of the soft palate) with intracranial extension but without brain invasion: Case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol. 2018;13(1):1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13000-018-0776-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-018-0776-y"},{"key":"92672","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tunes RS, Cavalcanti GZ, Squarisi JMO, Patrocinio LG. Oral epignathus with maxilla duplication: Report of a rare case. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2019;12(1):62-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1649497","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649497"},{"key":"92673","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora V, Bijarnia Mahay S, Rao S, Dimri N, Manocha A, Mansukhani C, et al. The fatal fetal tumor: A geneticist\u2019s perspective. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2021;34(6):1006-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2019.1622671","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1622671"},{"key":"92674","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aydemir F, Mutaf M, Ery\u0131lmaz MA. Giant epignathus (teratoma of palatine tonsil): A case report. Turkish Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;59(2):158-61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tao.2021.2021-4-7","DOI":"10.4274\/tao.2021.2021-4-7"},{"key":"92675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Too SC, Sarji SA, Yik YI, Ramanujam TM. Malignant epignathus teratoma. Biomed Imaging Interv J [Internet]. 2008;4(2). Disponible en: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21614323\/","DOI":"10.2349\/biij.4.2.e18"},{"key":"92676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar K, Setty J, Sitaram A. Epignathus with Fetiform Features. J Lab Physicians. 2011;3(01):056-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2727.78571","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.78571"},{"key":"92677","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morlino S, Castori M, Servadei F, Laino L, Silvestri E, Polimeni A, et al. Oropharyngeal teratoma, oral duplication, cervical diplomyelia and anencephaly in a 22-week fetus: A review of the craniofacial teratoma syndrome. Birth Defects Res Part A - Clin Mol Teratol. 2015;103(6):554-66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23327","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23327"},{"key":"92678","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miesnik SR, Jones T, Spinner SS. Cesarean to immediate neonatal intervention: A multidisciplinary approach to the perinatal care of a pregnancy complicated by a fetal airway obstruction. JOGNN - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2014;43:S99.","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12316"},{"key":"92679","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dakp\u00e9 S, Demeer B, Cordonnier C, Devauchelle B. Emergency management of a congenital teratoma of the oral cavity at birth and three-year follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43(4):433-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.09.004"},{"key":"92680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumiyoshi S, MacHida J, Yamamoto T, Fukano H, Shimozato K, Fujimoto Y, et al. Massive immature teratoma in a neonate. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(10):1020-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.04.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.04.008"},{"key":"92681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dar P, Rosenthal J, Factor S, Dubiosso R, Murthy AS. First-trimester diagnosis of fetal epignathus with 2- and 3-dimensional sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(12):1743-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.2009.28.12.1743","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2009.28.12.1743"},{"key":"92682","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvo MA, Kline BM, Jones BB, Care MM, Koch BL. Brain malformations associated with epignathus: A clue for the correct prenatal diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(12):1369-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-009-1399-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1399-y"},{"key":"92683","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staboulidou I, Miller K, G\u00f6hring G, Hillemanns P, W\u00fcstemann M. Prenatal diagnosis of an epignathus associated with a 49,XXXXY karyotype - A case report. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;24(3):313-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000160219","DOI":"10.1159\/000160219"},{"key":"92684","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha SP, Hobson E, Joss S. Nasopharyngeal teratoma associated with a complex congenital cardiac anomaly. Clin Dysmorphol. 2007;16(2):113-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCD.0b013e328054c547","DOI":"10.1097\/MCD.0b013e328054c547"},{"key":"92685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daskalakis G, Efthimiou T, Pilalis A. Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal pharyngeal teratoma: A case report and review of the literature. J Clin Ultrasound. 2007;35(3):159-63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcu.20300","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20300"},{"key":"92686","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherer DM, Zigalo A, Abulafia O. Prenatal 3-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of a massive fetal epignathus occluding the oral orifice and both nostrils. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1503-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.2006.25.11.1503","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2006.25.11.1503"},{"key":"92687","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamura T, Yamataka A, Okazaki T, Hosoda Y, Lane GJ, Miyano T. Management of a prenatally diagnosed huge teratoma arising from the soft palate. Asian J Surg. 2006;29(3):212-5. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60090-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60090-7"},{"key":"92688","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruano R, Benachi A, Aubry MC, Parat S, Dommergues M, Manach Y. The impact of 3-dimensional ultrasonography on perinatal management of a large epignathus teratoma without ex utero intrapartum treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(11):31-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.07.059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.07.059"},{"key":"92689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeuchi K, Masuda Y, Narita F, Kiyoshi K, Mizutori M, Maruo T. Prenatal evaluation of bidirectional epignathus: Comparison of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003;18(1):26-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000066379","DOI":"10.1159\/000066379"},{"key":"92690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izadi K, Smith M, Askari M, Hackam D, Hameed AA, Bradley JP. A patient with an epignathus: Management of a large oropharyngeal teratoma in a newborn. J Craniofac Surg. 2003:468-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001665-200307000-00012","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200307000-00012"},{"key":"92691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamed ME, El-Din M, Abdelazim I, Shikanova S, Karimova B, Kanshaiym S. Prenatal diagnosis and immediate successful management of isolated fetal epignathus. J Med Ultrasound. 2019;27(4):198-201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/JMU.JMU_125_18","DOI":"10.4103\/JMU.JMU_125_18"},{"key":"92692","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santana EFM, Helfer TM, Passos JP, Junior EA. Prenatal diagnosis of a giant epignathus teratoma in the third trimester of pregnancy using three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging: Case report. Med Ultrason. 2014;16(2):168-71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11152\/mu.201.3.2066.162.efms1","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.201.3.2066.162.efms1"},{"key":"92693","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dray G, Olivier C, Teissier N, Vuillard E, Michel J, Farnoux C, et al. Epignathus teratoma: Diagnostic and neonatal management. A case report. J Gyn\u00e9cologie Obs Biol Reprod. 2013;42:596-601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgyn.2012.12.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgyn.2012.12.004"},{"key":"92694","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vranic S, Caughron SK, Djuricic S, Bilalovic N, Zaman S, Suljevic I, et al. Hamartomas, teratomas and teratocarcinosarcomas of the head and neck: Report of 3 new cases with clinico-pathologic correlation, cytogenetic analysis, and review of the literature. BMC Ear, Nose Throat Disord. 2008;8(1):1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6815-8-8","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-8-8"},{"key":"92695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barthod G, Teissier N, Bellarbi N, Viala P, Oury JF, Dray G, et al. Fetal airway management on placental support: Limitations and ethical considerations in seven cases. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2013;33(8):787-94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01443615.2013.823924","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.823924"},{"key":"92696","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laje P, Howell LJ, Johnson MP, Hedrick HL, Flake AW, Adzick NS. Perinatal management of congenital oropharyngeal tumors: The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) approach. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(10):2005-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.031"},{"key":"92697","unstructured":"Tsitouridis I, Sidiropoulos D, Michaelides M. Sonographic evaluation of epignathus. Hippokratia [Internet]. 2009;13(1):55-7. Disponible en: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19240824\/"},{"key":"92698","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clement K, Chamberlain, Boyd P, Molyneux A. Prenatal diagnosis of an epignathus: A case report and review. Ultrasound Obs Gynecol. 2001;18:178-81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00456.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00456.x"},{"key":"92699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon NR, Min JY, Kim YH, Choi SK, Shin JC, Park IY. Prenatal diagnosis of epignathus with multiple malformations in one fetus of a twin pregnancy using three-dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2015;58(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/ogs.2015.58.1.65","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2015.58.1.65"},{"key":"92700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung JH, Farinelli CK, Porto M, Major CA. Fetal epignathus the case of an early EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment). Obstet Gynecol. 2012;119(2, Part 2):466-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318242b3f1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318242b3f1"},{"key":"92701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anti\u00f1olo G, de Agust\u00edn JC, Losada A, Ontanilla A, Perla AG. Diagnosis and management of a large oropharyngeal teratoma (epignathus) in a twin pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;104(2):143-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.09.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.09.021"},{"key":"92702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ince EZ, Cekmez F, Yildirim \u015e, Demirel A, Bilgic B, Kilicaslan I, et al. Malignant epignathus including a nephroblastoma component and successful management. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013;17(3):288-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2012.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2012.01.008"},{"key":"92703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prevedello DM, Kassam AB, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Thomas A, Gardner P, et al. Transpalatal endoscopic endonasal resection of a giant epignathus skull base teratoma in a newborn: Case report. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(3 Suppl.):266-71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/PED-07\/09\/266","DOI":"10.3171\/PED-07\/09\/266"},{"key":"92704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal P, Chandran S, Sriram B, Chang KTE. Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure for giant fetal epignathus. Indian Pediatr. 2015;52(10):893-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13312-015-0740-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-015-0740-9"},{"key":"92705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witters I, Moerman P, Louwagie D, Van Assche FA, Migeon BR, Fryns JP. Second trimester prenatal diagnosis of epignathus teratoma in ring X chromosome mosaicism with inactive ring X chromosome. Ann Genet. 2001;44(4):179-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-3995(01)01090-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3995(01)01090-5"},{"key":"92706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarioglu N, Wegner RD, Gasiorek-Wiens A, Entezami M, Schmock J, Hagen A, et al. Epignathus: Always a simple teratoma? Report of an exceptional case with two additional fetiforme bodies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;21(4):397-403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.92","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.92"},{"key":"92707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harar RPS, Pratap R, Chadha N, Tolley N. Bilateral tension pneumothorax following rigid bronchoscopy: A report of an epignathus in a newborn delivered by the EXIT procedure with a fatal outcome. J Laryngol Otol. 2005;119(5):400-2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0022215053945813","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215053945813"},{"key":"92708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rugolotto S, Bertolini A, Cogo I, Pietrobelli A, Pecori S, Furlani M, et al. Epignato, sindrome del cuore sinistro ipoplasico e trisomia 18 in una gemella piccola per et\u00e0 gestazionale. Pediatr Medica Chir. 2013;35:191-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/pmc.2013.41","DOI":"10.4081\/pmc.2013.41"},{"key":"92709","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen P, Shin J, Huang J. Two- and three-dimensional ultrasound demonstration of a giant epignathus. Ultrasound Obs Gynecol. 2003;21:407-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.70","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70"},{"key":"92710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen LM. Prenatal 3-dimensional imaging techniques in the sonographic evaluation of an oral mass: Comparison with postnatal imaging modalities. J Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(4):561-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7863\/jum.2011.30.4.561","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.4.561"},{"key":"92711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodges MM, Crombleholme TM, Marwan AI, Mirsky D, Meyers M, Behrendt N, et al. Massive facial teratoma managed with the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure and use of a 3-dimensional printed model for planning of staged debulking. J Pediatr Surg Case Reports. 2017;17:15-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsc.2016.11.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2016.11.013"},{"key":"92712","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogales FF, Gasca L, Llamas R, Blanco A, Sanz JF. Case report: Epignathus. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic considerations. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1977;15(1):41-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00641.x","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00641.x"},{"key":"92713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benouaiche L, Couly G, Michel B, Devauchelle B. Diagnosis and management of cervicofacial congenital teratomas: About 4 cases, literature review and restatement. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2007;52(2):114-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anplas.2006.08.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2006.08.007"}],"container-title":["Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/3906\/3869","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/3906\/3881","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/3906\/3869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:48:47Z","timestamp":1776095327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/view\/3906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18597\/rcog.3906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2463-0225","0034-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2463-0225","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0034-7434","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer Review"}},{"value":"Federaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Revista Colombiana de Osbtetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"Reporte de Caso","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"}]}}