{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:04:34Z","timestamp":1783577074903,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Federacion Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecologia","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["revista.fecolsog.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study assesses postnatal women\u2019s perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (RMC), aiming to identify key areas for improvement.\nMethods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out in selected urban areas of Bhopal, India. Women aged 18 years and above, who had given birth to a healthy newborn within the previous 42 days, were eligible to participate if they resided in the study area, could understand Hindi or English, and had no cognitive impairments. Estimated sample size was 238 with 77% estimated prevalence, 5% margin of error, and 95% confidence level; 270 women were recruited using purposive sampling from 18 urban wards and 98 Anganwadi centres. Participants were approached directly and interviewed in person using a structured questionnaire and the validated RMC Scale by Sheferaw et al. The primary outcome was the level of perceived respectful maternity care, while independent variables included socio-demographic and obstetric factors such as age, education, place of delivery, and number of antenatal visits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Fisher\u2019s exact test due to the non-normal distribution of variables.\nResults: Of the 270 participants, 51.2% were aged 25\u201330 years and 75.3% were Hindus. Most deliveries (57.4%) were normal vaginal deliveries, and 75.6% occurred in government hospitals. Overall, 82.6% of women reported experiencing RMC. Domain-wise, 91% experienced Friendly Care, 93.3% Abuse-Free Care, 79.7% Timely Care, and 87.7% Discrimination-Free Care. Item-wise analysis revealed strengths in provider kindness and clear communication, though about 15\u201325% of women experienced delays, verbal mistreatment, or felt disrespected. Socioeconomic status had a significant influence in all four domains (p &lt; 0.05), with women from higher income groups reporting more positive experiences. Higher education level was also associated with greater awareness and recognition of discriminatory practices (p = 0.014), Obstetric variables such as mode of delivery (p = 0.031), time of delivery (p = 0.003), antenatal visits (p = 0.017, 0.029), and high-risk pregnancy (p = 0.037) showed domain-specific associations.\nConclusion: Although most women described their childbirth experience as respectful, notable gaps remain in timely and equitable care. Addressing delays and reducing discrimination, particularly in public healthcare settings, are essential to ensuring that all women receive dignified, person-centred maternity care, regardless of their background.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18597\/rcog.4433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T09:22:42Z","timestamp":1750843362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18597\/crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Respectful maternity care during childbirth: postnatal women's perspectives. Cross-sectional study from central India: February - December 2023","Cuidado materno respetuoso durante el parto: perspectivas de mujeres en el posparto. Estudio de corte transversal en el centro de la India: Febrero \u2013 diciembre de 2023"],"prefix":"10.18597","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0781-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseema","family":"Shafqat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Nursing College, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Obst\u00e9trica y Ginecol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Jyotika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Nursing College, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Obst\u00e9trica y Ginecol\u00f3gica; Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pushpalatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"},{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha","family":"K.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal College of Nursing, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences. (Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India)"},{"name":"Principal College of Nursing, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences. (Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Nursing College, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"},{"name":"Departamento de Enfermer\u00eda Obst\u00e9trica y Ginecol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda, AIIMS Bhopal. (Madhya Pradesh, India)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"103687","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Association of Women\u2019s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Respectful Maternity Care Framework and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2022;51(2):e3\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.01.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2022.01.001"},{"key":"103688","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulto GA, Demissie DB, Tulu AS. Respectful maternity care during labor and childbirth and associated factors among women who gave birth at health institutions in the West Shewa zone, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-03135-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03135-z"},{"key":"103689","unstructured":"United Nations Human Rights Office. Global Respectful Maternity Care Council [Internet]. OHCHR; 2018 [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/...\/GlobalRespectfulMaternityCareCouncil"},{"key":"103690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asefa A. Unveiling respectful maternity care as a way to address global inequities in maternal health. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003559.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003559"},{"key":"103691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gogoi A, Ravi T. Respectful maternity care: a cornerstone for improving maternal health. In: Pachauri S, Verma RK, editors. Transforming unequal gender relations in India and beyond: an intersectional perspective on challenges and opportunities. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2023. p.229\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-99-4086-8_14.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-4086-8_14"},{"key":"103692","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar A. The transformation of the Indian healthcare system. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.39079.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39079"},{"key":"103693","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meh C, Sharma A, Ram U, Fadel S, Correa N, Snelgrove JW, et al. Trends in maternal mortality in India over two decades in nationally representative surveys. BJOG. 2022;129(4):550\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16888.","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16888"},{"key":"103694","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muhayimana A, Kearns I. Healthcare providers\u2019 perspectives on sustaining respectful maternity care appreciated by mothers in five hospitals of Rwanda. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-024-02017-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02017-5"},{"key":"103695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puthussery S, Bayih WA, Brown H, et al. Promoting a global culture of respectful maternity care. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23:798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-023-06118-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-06118-y"},{"key":"103696","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Rathod PG, Tembhurne KB, Ukey UU, Narlawar UW. Status of respectful maternity care among women availing delivery services at a tertiary care center in central India: a cross sectional study. Cureus. 2022;14(7):e27115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27115.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27115"},{"key":"103697","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lythgoe C, Lowe K, McCauley M, et al. How women's experiences and perceptions of care influence uptake of postnatal care across sub Saharan Africa: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03910-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03910-6"},{"key":"103698","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glover A, Holman C, Boise P. Patient centered respectful maternity care: a factor analysis contextualizing marginalized identities, trust, and informed choice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06491-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06491-2"},{"key":"103699","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Entwistle VA, Cribb A, Mitchell P. Tackling disrespect in health care: the relevance of socio relational equality. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2024;29(1):42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13558196231187961.","DOI":"10.1177\/13558196231187961"},{"key":"103700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondal D, Karmakar S, Banerjee A. Women's autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare in India: evidence from a recent national survey. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243553.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243553"},{"key":"103701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia M, Dwivedi LK, Banerjee K, et al. Pro poor policies and improvements in maternal health outcomes in India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03839-w.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03839-w"},{"key":"103702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheferaw ED, Mengesha TZ, Wase SB. Development of a tool to measure women's perception of respectful maternity care in public health facilities. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0848-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0848-5"},{"key":"103703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yohannes E, Moti G, Gelan G, et al. Impact of disrespectful maternity care on childbirth complications: a multicentre cross sectional study in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24:380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-024-06574-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06574-0"},{"key":"103704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassen HM. Trends and disparities in ever breastfeeding practice and early breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia: a 20 year trend analysis from EDHS datasets. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:2558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19945-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19945-1"},{"key":"103705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudson C. Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination at the intersection of race and gender: an intersectional theory primer. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2024;18(3):e12939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12939.","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12939"},{"key":"103706","unstructured":"UNFPA. Respectful Maternity Care [Internet]. New York: United Nations Population Fund; 2022 Sep 6 [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https:\/\/eeca.unfpa.org\/...\/respectful_maternity_care_final.pdf"},{"key":"103707","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Executive summary, comparative effectiveness review no. 269: respectful maternity care [Internet]. Rockville (MD): AHRQ; c2022 [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/...\/cer-269-respectful maternity care summary"},{"key":"103708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noori S, Lanzarotti F, Herren L, et al. Women with disabilities\u2019 experiences with respectful maternity care in Nepal: a qualitative study. Res Square. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3684627\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3684627\/v1"},{"key":"103709","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolivet RR, Gausman J, Kapoor N, et al. Operationalizing respectful maternity care at the healthcare provider level: a systematic scoping review. Reprod Health. 2021;18:194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-021-01241-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01241-5"},{"key":"103710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olwanda E, Opondo K, Oluoch D, Croke K, Maluni J, Jepkosgei J, Nzinga J. Women\u2019s autonomy and maternal health decision making in Kenya: implications for service delivery reform\u2014a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2024;24(1):181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-024-02965-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-02965-9"},{"key":"103711","unstructured":"Formative Research on Respectful Maternity Care [Internet]. Family Planning Association of Pakistan; 2020 Aug [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https:\/\/fsm.org.pk\/...\/Formative Research on Respectful Maternity Care RMC.pdf"},{"key":"103712","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiindi Mbidi TSN, Downing C, Temane A. Midwives\u2019 and women\u2019s experiences with respectful maternity care around the globe: a meta synthesis. Women Birth. 2023;36(5):e461\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2023.04.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2023.04.002"},{"key":"103713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habib HH, Mwaisaka J, Torpey K, et al. Are respectful maternity care (RMC) interventions effective in reducing intrapartum mistreatment against adolescents? A systematic review. Front Glob Womens Health. 2023;4:1048441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1048441.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1048441"},{"key":"103714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manu A, Zaka N, Bianchessi C, et al. Respectful maternity care delivered within health facilities in Bangladesh, Ghana and Tanzania: a cross sectional assessment preceding a quality improvement intervention. BMJ Open. 2021;11(1):e039616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039616.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039616"},{"key":"103715","unstructured":"RMC desktop review [Internet]. EECA UNFPA; 2022 Sep 6 [cited 2024 Sep 20]. Available from: https:\/\/eeca.unfpa.org\/...\/RMC-desktop-review-6-September-2022"},{"key":"103716","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lokugamage AU, Robinson N, Pathberiya SDC, Wong S, Douglass C. Respectful maternity care in the UK using a decolonial lens. SN Soc Sci. 2022;2(12):267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43545-022-00576-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43545-022-00576-5"}],"container-title":["Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/4433\/4111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/4433\/4093","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/download\/4433\/4111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:02:47Z","timestamp":1776092567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/revista.fecolsog.org\/index.php\/rcog\/article\/view\/4433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18597\/rcog.4433","relation":{},"ISSN":["2463-0225","0034-7434"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2463-0225","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0034-7434","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer Review"}},{"value":"Federaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Revista Colombiana de Osbtetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"Investigaci\u00f3n Original","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"}]}}