{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1782476636972,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Impact Journals, LLC","issue":"33","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oncotarget"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T10:50:21Z","timestamp":1492599021000},"page":"55646-55656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The correlation of sperm morphology with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.18632","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renxiong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7892","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19881002","article-title":"Recurrent spontaneous abortions. [Article in French]","volume":"28","author":"Salat-Baroux","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023","article-title":"Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion","volume":"99","author":"Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000261644.89300.df","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e32813e3ff0","article-title":"The impact of male factor on recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"19","author":"Jeyendran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-1050-5-2","article-title":"Paternal effects on early embryogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Carrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Assist Reprod"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.1.73","article-title":"Predictive value of normal sperm morphology: a structured literature review","volume":"4","author":"Lombard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59660-5","article-title":"Predictive value of abnormal sperm morphology infertilization","volume":"49","author":"Oehninger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10514-1","article-title":"Relation between semen quality and fertility: a population-based study of 430 first-pregnancy planners","volume":"352","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.2.503","article-title":"Time to pregnancy and semen parameters: a cross-sectional study among fertile couples from four European cities","volume":"17","author":"Andersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03284.x","article-title":"Semen quality and human fertility: a prospective study with healthy couples","volume":"21","author":"Clegg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"11","first-page":"444","article-title":"Hydrodynamic propulsion of human sperm","volume":"625","author":"Pacey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi047","article-title":"Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract","volume":"12","author":"Pacey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080300409","article-title":"Sperm selection capacity of the human zona pellucida","volume":"30","author":"Hodgen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940071","article-title":"Morphology of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of human oocytes that failed to fertilize","volume":"94","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.2.172","article-title":"The role of sperm morphology in assisted reproduction","volume":"5","author":"Coetzee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.495","article-title":"Predictive value of normal sperm morphology in intrauterine insemination (IUI): a structured literature review","volume":"7","author":"Ombelet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000082368","article-title":"The use of semen parameters to identify the subfertile male in the general population","volume":"59","author":"Lombard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-8","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells","volume":"2","author":"Kurpisz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.5.645","article-title":"A novel signal transduction cascade in capacitating human spermatozoa characterised by a redox-regulated, cAMP-mediated induction of tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"111","author":"Irvine","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080370314","article-title":"Molecular biology of human male infertility: links with aging, mitochondrial genetics, and oxidative stress?","volume":"37","author":"Kan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137472","article-title":"Use of aniline blue to assess chromatin condensation in morphologically normal spermatozoa in normal and infertile men","volume":"6","author":"Hilscher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136578","article-title":"The effect of morphology on the ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster oocytes","volume":"2","author":"Braude","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60074-2","article-title":"Corrective measures and pregnancy outcome infertilization in patients with severe sperm morphology abnormalities","volume":"50","author":"Rosenwaks","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_1.143","article-title":"Special applications of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: the influence of sperm count, motility, morphology, source and sperm antibody on the outcome of ICSI","volume":"13","author":"Van Steirteghem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15397","article-title":"Skewed X inactivation and recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"19","author":"Stephenson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.10.2084","article-title":"Incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities in a risk population: relationship with sperm quality and ICSI outcome","volume":"16","author":"Pellicer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2000.00222.x","article-title":"Paternal transmission of genetic damage: findings in animals and humans","volume":"23","author":"Brinkworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.12.039","article-title":"Extent of nuclear DNA damage in ejaculated spermatozoa impacts on blastocyst development afterfertilization","volume":"82","author":"Sakkas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19991101)284:6<696::AID-JEZ11>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Fertilizing ability of DNA-damaged spermatozoa","volume":"284","author":"Ng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del251","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation: paternal effect on early post-implantation embryo development in ART","volume":"21","author":"Coticchio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.8.1959","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage: a defect in nature's quality control?","volume":"17","author":"Aplin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu116","article-title":"Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor sperm morphology","volume":"29","author":"Cherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-011-9537-5","article-title":"The effects of male aging on semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal abnormalities in an infertile population","volume":"28","author":"Saad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0303-4569.2001.00487.x","article-title":"Comparison of semen quality in older and younger men attending an andrology clinic","volume":"34","author":"Schill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg107","article-title":"The association of age and semen quality in healthy men","volume":"18","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00761.x","article-title":"Relationship between age and semen parameters in men with normal sperm concentration: analysis of 6022 semen samples","volume":"39","author":"Potashnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.058","article-title":"Turning point of age for semen quality: a population-based study in Chinese men","volume":"96","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01679-4","article-title":"Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature","volume":"75","author":"Wyrobek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.03.001","article-title":"The influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm quality and DNA fragmentation","volume":"223","author":"Monnier-Barbarino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.6.1314","article-title":"Lack of association between smoking and DNA fragmentation in the spermatozoa of normal men","volume":"15","author":"Bleau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48503-1","article-title":"Scoring sperm morphology from fertile and infertile cigarette smokers using the scanning electron microscope and image analysis","volume":"43","author":"Hargreave","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det428","article-title":"The relationship between male BMI and waist circumference on semen quality: data from the LIFE study","volume":"29","author":"Buck Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det379","article-title":"Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones in New Zealand men: a cross-sectional study in fertility clinics","volume":"28","author":"Farquhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2014.846195","article-title":"Association of cigarette smoking with reproductive hormone levels and semen quality in healthy adult men in Taiwan","volume":"49","author":"Kantaria","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gar057","article-title":"Association of mutations in the zona pellucida binding protein 1 (ZPBP1) gene with abnormal sperm head morphology in infertile men","volume":"18","author":"Matzuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11490","article-title":"Cadmium, lead, and other metals in relation to semen quality: human evidence for molybdenum as a male reproductive toxicant","volume":"116","author":"Wirth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20468","article-title":"Cadmium-induced infertility in male mice","volume":"25","author":"Rohani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.03.008","article-title":"A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility","volume":"20","author":"El-Toukhy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Showell, Mackenzie-Proctor, Brown, Yazdani, Stankiewicz, Hart. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; p. CD007411.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007411.pub3"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56108-1","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility and hyperactivation in normozoospermic and normokinetic semen","volume":"60","author":"Lu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"51","first-page":"125","article-title":"Scavenging effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against reactive oxygen species in human semen: a possible therapeutic modality for male factor infertility?","volume":"29","author":"Schill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64697-4","article-title":"Formation of reactive oxygen species by spermatozoa from asthenospermic patients: response to treatment with pentoxifylline","volume":"157","author":"Kamidono","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1715","article-title":"Role of male factor in early recurrent embryo loss: do antioxidants have any effect?","volume":"92","author":"Cadavid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.3.765","article-title":"Experience with external quality control in spermatology","volume":"14","author":"Nieschlag","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.90","article-title":"Dimensions of human ejaculated spermatozoa in Papanicolaou-stained seminal and swim-up smears obtained from the Integrated Semen Analysis System (ISAS(\u00ae))","volume":"12","author":"Sinisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.027","article-title":"Comparison of three staining methods for the morphological evaluation of human spermatozoa","volume":"89","author":"Menkveld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq075","article-title":"Morphometric dimensions of the human sperm head depend on the staining method used","volume":"25","author":"van der Horst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.179161","article-title":"Current updates on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of male reproductive failure","volume":"18","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7300.1479","article-title":"Forest plots: trying to see the wood and the trees","volume":"322","author":"Clarke","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819021927674","article-title":"Statistical heterogeneity in systematic reviews of clinical trials: a critical appraisal of guidelines and practice","volume":"7","author":"Altman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Minder","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Oncotarget"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oncotarget.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.18632\/oncotarget.17233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T17:11:36Z","timestamp":1719162696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.oncotarget.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.18632\/oncotarget.17233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["17233","28903451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.17233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-2553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-2553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]}}}