{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:01:16Z","timestamp":1788454876928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"RCVS Knowledge","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["VE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PICO question\r\nIn healthy dogs, does the use of diazepam or midazolam administered in co-induction with propofol result in a reduction in the dose of propofol required to induce anaesthesia and a decrease in adverse cardiovascular and respiratory events?\r\n\u00a0\r\nClinical bottom line\r\nCategory of research question\r\nTreatment\r\nThe number and type of study designs reviewed\r\nEight papers were critically reviewed. A total of six manuscripts were prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical studies. One trial was prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical with a Latin square, incomplete design. One study was retrospective, randomised, blinded, crossover, experimental\r\nStrength of evidence\r\nModerate\r\nOutcomes reported\r\nVariables assessed in this Knowledge Summary included: propofol dose required to induce anaesthesia (considering successful orotracheal intubation as an end point), changes in cardiovascular variables (heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure) and changes in respiratory variables (development of apnoea, changes in respiratory rates)\r\nConclusion\r\nIn healthy dogs, using propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction resulted in a reduction in propofol dose required to induce anaesthesia in some trials only. Midazolam appeared more effective than diazepam in this context. The dosages, timing and sequence of drug administration seemed relevant. No evidence suggested that using propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction resulted in a reduction of adverse cardiovascular or respiratory events. In addition, although this was out of the scope of the PICO question addressed here, adverse events (e.g. excitement, poorer quality of induction) were reported in several studies when diazepam or midazolam were used in co-induction\r\n\u00a0\r\nHow to apply this evidence in practice\r\nThe application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient\u2019s circumstances and owners\u2019 values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.\r\nKnowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.\r\n\u00a0\r\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18849\/ve.v7i2.450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:33:31Z","timestamp":1651653211000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction in healthy dogs: effects on propofol dosages, cardiovascular and respiratory events"],"prefix":"10.18849","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Coward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Raillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"8083","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"container-title":["Veterinary Evidence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryevidence.org\/index.php\/ve\/article\/download\/450\/744","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryevidence.org\/index.php\/ve\/article\/download\/450\/744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:33:32Z","timestamp":1651653212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryevidence.org\/index.php\/ve\/article\/view\/450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18849\/ve.v7i2.450","relation":{},"ISSN":["2396-9776"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2396-9776","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]}}}