{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:18:21Z","timestamp":1759961901692,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ethnicity and Disease Inc","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the age-specific and sex-adjusted case-fatality rates (CFRs) among Arab Americans to Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Asian adults living in Michigan. Data from Michigan\u2019s vital records, surveillance data (March 2020-July 2021), and an Arab\/Chaldean surname algorithm were used. We used \u03c72 tests to determine statistically significant differences between groups. Logistic regression was used to estimate age-specific and sex-adjusted CFRs. Arab Americans had a lower CFR of 1.54% compared with Asian (1.97%), non-Hispanic White (2.17%), and non-Hispanic Black adults (3.36%), regardless of sex. For those 80 years of age or older, Arab American (30.72%) and Asian adults (31.47%) had higher CFR compared with the other racial or ethnic groups, with non-Hispanic White adults displaying a lower CFR of 18.28%. An Arab American ethnic identifier would likely increase the visibility of this population so that they can be included in the efforts to increase awareness, testing, and prevention strategies of COVID-19 or similar pandemics that might be facing us in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18865\/ethndis-2023-82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:01:46Z","timestamp":1742169706000},"page":"35-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 Case-Fatality Rates in Michigan Are Higher for Arab Americans Compared With Non-Hispanic White Individuals for the Oldest Age Groups"],"prefix":"10.18865","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Florence J.","family":"Dallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany B.","family":"Kindratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Public Health Program, Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health, Innovation University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randell","family":"Seaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Ruterbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18154","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2025031700014327300_i1945-0826-35-1-35-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4322","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124322","article-title":"Black-White risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025031700014327300_i1945-0826-35-1-35-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.07.010","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the observed COVID-19 case fatality rate among the U.S. population","volume":"74","author":"Schumm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025031700014327300_i1945-0826-35-1-35-b03","unstructured":"Proposals From the Federal Interagency Working Group for Revision of the Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity 2017\n          . 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