{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:04:43Z","timestamp":1770919483942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ethnicity and Disease Inc","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Highly effective antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), resulting in an increase in noncommunicable diseases, including cognitive and mental health disorders. Published literature on cognitive performance in older PLWH is scarce in low- and middle-income countries, including Georgia. Our study aimed to assess mental health and cognitive performance and identify associated factors among PLWH aged \u226540 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary mental health and behavior assessments included the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7). Cognitive assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); Trail Making Tests A and B; verbal fluency; Stroop 1, 2, and 3; and Grooved Pegboard. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our sample included 125 PLWH (78 men, 47 women). Drug use\u2013related problems or drug dependence was observed in 36% and hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption among 23%. Mild to extreme depressive symptoms were observed among 51% and mild to severe anxiety among 47%. A MoCA score &amp;lt;26 was observed among 89%. Multivariable regression analyses showed higher mean scores on the Stroop Test 3 associated with higher scores on the GAD-7 (\u03b2=.40; 95% CI, 0.12-0.68) and BDI (\u03b2=.70; 95% CI, 0.17\u20131.2). No other associations were observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study shows high percentages of psychiatric and cognitive morbidities among older PLWH in Georgia. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate cognitive performance and associated factors among older PLWH in Georgia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.18865\/ethndis-2024-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:02:23Z","timestamp":1746576143000},"page":"73-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mental Health and Cognitive Performance Among Older People Living with HIV in Georgia"],"prefix":"10.18865","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Esma","family":"Imerlishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Partnership for Research and Action for Health, Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"2 Doctoral Program in Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davit","family":"Baliashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Partnership for Research and Action for Health, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Karaulashvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Ken Walker Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"DeHovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 College of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamuka","family":"Djibuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Partnership for Research and Action for Health, Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18154","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.03.004","article-title":"Current status and prospects of HIV treatment","volume":"18","author":"Cihlar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b02","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00056-0","article-title":"Future challenges for clinical care of an ageing population infected with HIV: a modelling study","volume":"15","author":"Smit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003379","article-title":"The global burden of cognitive impairment in people with HIV","volume":"37","author":"Keng","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835bde0f","article-title":"Mental disorder and the outcome of HIV\/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Mayston","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2989\/AJAR.2009.8.2.1.853","article-title":"The mental health of people living with HIV\/AIDS in Africa: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Brandt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr J AIDS Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002193","article-title":"HIV infection and cerebral small vessel disease are independently associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment","volume":"33","author":"Sanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000258","article-title":"Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in people living with HIV\/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"67","author":"Chibanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2017.1391925","article-title":"Lifetime marijuana and alcohol use, and cognitive dysfunction in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"39","author":"Lorkiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"2025050620022001200_i1945-0826-35-2-73-b09","article-title":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS; 2023","author":"UNAIDS. 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