{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:41:38Z","timestamp":1790491298747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, the most common strategy when managing forests for biodiversity at the landscape scale is to maintain structural complexity within stands and provide a variety of seral stages across landscapes. Advances in ecological theory reveal that biodiversity at continental scales is strongly influenced by available energy (i.e., climate factors relating to heat and light and primary productivity). This paper explores how available energy and forest structural complexity may interact to drive biodiversity at a regional scale.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We hypothesized that bird species richness exhibits a hump\u2010shaped relationship with energy at the regional scale of the northwestern United States. As a result, we hypothesized that the relationship between energy and richness within a landscape is positive in energy\u2010limited landscapes and flat or decreasing in energy\u2010rich landscapes. Additionally, we hypothesized that structural complexity explains less of the variation in species richness in energy\u2010limited environments and more in energy\u2010rich environments and that the slope of the relationship between structural complexity and richness is greatest in energy\u2010rich environments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We sampled bird communities and vegetation across seral stages and biophysical settings at each of five landscapes arrayed across a productivity gradient from the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains within the five northwestern states of the contiguous United States. We analyzed the response of richness to structural complexity and energy covariates at each landscape. We found that (1) richness had a hump\u2010shaped relationship with available energy across the northwestern United States, (2) the landscape\u2010scale relationships between energy and richness were positive or hump shaped in energy\u2010limited locations and were flat or negative in energy\u2010rich locations, (3) forest structural complexity explained more of the variation in bird species richness in energy\u2010rich landscapes, and (4) the slope of the relationship between forest structural complexity and richness was steepest in energy\u2010limited locations. In energy\u2010rich locations, forest managers will likely increase landscape\u2010scale bird diversity by providing a range of forest structural complexity across all seral stages. In low\u2010energy environments, bird diversity will likely be maximized by managing local high\u2010energy hotspots judiciously and adjusting harvest intensities in other locations to compensate for slower regeneration rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0839.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,9]],"date-time":"2008-07-09T03:53:02Z","timestamp":1215575582000},"page":"1155-1170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["IS THE EFFECT OF FOREST STRUCTURE ON BIRD DIVERSITY MODIFIED BY FOREST PRODUCTIVITY"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jacob P.","family":"Verschuyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"McWethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rex","family":"Sallabanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Hutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-7590.2004.03631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.1997.tb00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.149882","author":"Brown E. 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