{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:34:04Z","timestamp":1791268444663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatial contagiousness of canopy dynamics\u2014the tendency of canopy disturbances to occur nearby existing canopy openings due to an elevated risk of tree fall around gaps\u2014has been demonstrated in many temperate\u2010zone forests, but only inferentially for tropical forests. Hypothesized mechanisms increasing the risk of tree fall around tropical forest gaps are (1) increased tree exposure to wind around gaps, (2) reduced stability of trees alongside gaps due to crown asymmetry, or (3) reduced tree health around gaps due to damage from prior disturbances. One hypothesized consequence of elevated disturbance levels around gaps would be that gap\u2010edge zones offer relatively favorable prospects for seedling recruitment, growth, and survival. We tested whether disturbance levels are indeed elevated around natural canopy gaps in a neotropical rain forest in French Guiana, and more so as gaps are larger. We followed the fate of 5660 trees &gt;10 cm stem diameter over five years across 12 ha of old\u2010growth forest and analyzed the risk and magnitude of canopy disturbance events in relation to tree diameter and the proximity and size of natural canopy gaps. We found that the cumulative incidence of disturbance over the five\u2010year survey was not significantly elevated around preexisting gaps, and only weakly related to gap size. Also, neither the risk nor the magnitude of canopy disturbances increased significantly with the proximity of gaps. Moreover, canopy disturbance risk around gaps was independent of gap size, while the magnitude of disturbance events around gaps was weakly related to gap size. Tree size was the major driver of disturbance risk as well as magnitude. We did find an elevated incidence of disturbance inside preexisting gaps, but this \u201crepeat disturbance\u201d was due to an elevated disturbance risk inside gaps, not around gaps. Overall, we found no strong evidence for canopy dynamics in this rain forest being spatially contagious. Our findings are consistent with the traditional view of tropical rain forests as mosaics of patches with predictable regeneration cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1682.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]],"date-time":"2008-12-09T16:36:35Z","timestamp":1228840595000},"page":"3490-3502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["SPATIAL CONTAGIOUSNESS OF CANOPY DISTURBANCE IN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST: AN INDIVIDUAL\u2010TREE\u2010BASED TEST"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J. Van der","family":"Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Bongers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2388350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Minimizing windfall around clear cuttings in spruce\u2013fir forests.","volume":"10","author":"Alexander R. R.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Forest Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4348-9","volume-title":"Statistical models based on counting processes","author":"Anderssen P. K.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2007.01307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Dynamics of tropical communities","author":"Ashton P. S.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"La for\u00eat coloniale: les for\u00eats de l'Afrique occidentale Fran\u00e7aise.","volume":"9","author":"Aubr\u00e9ville A.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Annales Academie Science Coloniale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1312085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9821-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2387750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"The ecology of a tropical forest, seasonal rhythms and long-term changes","author":"Brokaw N. V L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940529"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01822-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Dynamics of tropical communities","author":"Brown N. D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/04-0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/x90-084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.199.4335.1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/x86-010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2002.00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.18.110187.002243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00045062","article-title":"Size distribution and expansion of canopy gaps in a northern Appalachian spruce\u2013fir forest.","volume":"68","author":"Foster J. R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vegetatio"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467400001371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Dynamics and plant\u2013animal interactions in a neotropical rainforest","author":"Grimaldi M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1977.tb01347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Plant ecology","author":"Hubbell S. P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Tropical forest remnants: ecology, management, and conservation of fragmented communities","author":"Laurance W. F.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[2032:RFFATD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VEGE.0000019017.41546.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2001.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Plant population biology","author":"Martinez-Ramos M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/x01-196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2004.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Dynamics and plant\u2013animal interactions in a neotropical rainforest","author":"Poncy O.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1127(86)90113-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","volume-title":"The tropical rain forest. An ecological study","author":"Richards P. W.","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/x00-073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1938878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Development of woody vegetation in treefall gaps in a beech\u2013sugar maple forest.","volume":"7","author":"Runkle J. R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Holarctic Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of methods for determining fraction of land area in treefall gaps.","volume":"1","author":"Runkle J. R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Forest Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics","author":"Runkle J. R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Gap dynamics of old-growth eastern forests management implications.","volume":"11","author":"Runkle J. R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Natural Areas Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1146-609X(00)01086-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2258815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3038057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1997)078[0612:FYOCDA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Tropical forest remnants","author":"Turton S. M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00045602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2261696"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646749800011X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02860857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics","author":"White P. S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"The plant community as a working mechanism","author":"Whitmore T. C.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3236086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2261117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2004.00937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266467400008853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2261299"}],"container-title":["Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1890%2F07-1682.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1890\/07-1682.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:53:07Z","timestamp":1698753187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1890\/07-1682.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1890\/07-1682.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/07-1682.1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-9658","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}