{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:29:43Z","timestamp":1787023783373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    While often studied in isolation, host\u2013parasite interactions are typically embedded within complex communities. Other community members, including predators and alternative hosts, can therefore alter parasite transmission (e.g., the dilution effect), yet few studies have experimentally evaluated more than one such mechanism. Here, we used data from natural wetlands to design experiments investigating how alternative hosts and predators of parasites mediate trematode (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ribeiroia ondatrae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection in a focal amphibian host (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudacris regilla<\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). In short\u2010term predation bioassays involving mollusks, zooplankton, fish, larval insects, or newts, four of seven tested species removed 62\u201393% of infectious stages. In transmission experiments, damselfly nymphs (predators) and newt larvae (alternative hosts) reduced infection in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. regilla<\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    tadpoles by \u223c50%, whereas mosquitofish (potential predators and alternative hosts) did not significantly influence transmission. Additional bioassays indicated that predators consumed parasites even in the presence of alternative prey. In natural wetlands, newts had similar infection intensities as\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. regilla<\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that they commonly function as alternative hosts despite their unpalatability to downstream hosts, whereas mosquitofish had substantially lower infection intensities and are unlikely to function as hosts. These results underscore the importance of studying host\u2013parasite interactions in complex communities and of broadly linking research on predation, biodiversity loss, and infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/11-1901.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T17:26:31Z","timestamp":1339521991000},"page":"1247-1253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Parasite transmission in complex communities: Predators and alternative hosts alter pathogenic infections in amphibians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Orlofske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Jadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter T. J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1441757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1937838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1670\/1-05A.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2008.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1997.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0570.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[1973:DODHIB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57003-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.037721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1737.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1676\/0043-5643(2000)112[0563:GHODFP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1936149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2008.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0013:APGFYH]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-3125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-009-1258-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2008","journal-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[2117:QTRBPI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE1129R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cercariae-eating fish for biocontrol of bilharziasis","volume":"13","author":"Siau Y","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007000248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-87458-6"}],"container-title":["Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1890%2F11-1901.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1890\/11-1901.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:25:47Z","timestamp":1698751547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1890\/11-1901.1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1890\/11-1901.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/11-1901.1","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-9658","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}