{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:19:05Z","timestamp":1790882345515,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecological Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High nitrogen (N) accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems can shift patterns of nutrient limitation and deficiency beyond N toward other nutrients, most notably phosphorus (P) and base cations (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and potassium [K]). We examined how naturally high N accumulation from a legacy of symbiotic N fixation shaped P and base cation cycling across a gradient of nine temperate conifer forests in the Oregon Coast Range. We were particularly interested in whether long\u2010term legacies of symbiotic N fixation promoted coupled N and organic P accumulation in soils, and whether biotic demands by non\u2010fixing vegetation could conserve ecosystem base cations as N accumulated. Total soil N (0\u2013100 cm) pools increased nearly threefold across the N gradient, leading to increased nitrate leaching, declines in soil pH from 5.8 to 4.2, 10\u2010fold declines in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mobilization of aluminum. These results suggest that long\u2010term N enrichment had acidified soils and depleted much of the readily weatherable base cation pool. Soil organic P increased with both soil N and C across the gradient, but soil inorganic P, biomass P, and P leaching loss did not vary with N, implying that historic symbiotic N fixation promoted soil organic P accumulation and P sufficiency for non\u2010fixers. Even though soil pools of Ca, Mg, and K all declined as soil N increased, only Ca declined in biomass pools, suggesting the emergence of Ca deficiency at high N. Biotic conservation and tight recycling of Ca increased in response to whole\u2010ecosystem Ca depletion, as indicated by preferential accumulation of Ca in biomass and surface soil. Our findings support a hierarchical model of coupled N\u2013Ca cycling under long\u2010term soil N enrichment, whereby ecosystem\u2010level N saturation and nitrate leaching deplete readily available soil Ca, stimulating biotic Ca conservation as overall supply diminishes. We conclude that a legacy of biological N fixation can increase N and P accumulation in soil organic matter to the point that neither nutrient is limiting to subsequent non\u2010fixers, while also resulting in natural N saturation that intensifies base cation depletion and deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/12-2204.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]],"date-time":"2013-05-28T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1369757448000},"page":"1947-1961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Forest calcium depletion and biotic retention along a soil nitrogen gradient"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Perakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Sinkhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina E.","family":"Catricala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Bullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Hynicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Kermit","family":"Cromack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1313296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(2002)114<1143:WPMBAA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Weathering profiles, mass-balance analysis, and rates of solute loss: Linkages between weathering and erosion in a small, steep catchment","volume":"114","author":"Anderson S. 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