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This study tested the hypothesis that the herbicide atrazine and the fungicide chlorothalonil indirectly affect the survival of FIB (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>) and a pathogen (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7) by altering densities of protozoan predators or by altering competition from autochthonous bacteria. Streptomycin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>En. faecalis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 were added to microcosms composed of Florida river water containing natural protozoan and bacterial populations. FIB, pathogen, and protozoan densities were monitored over six days. Known metabolic inhibitors, cycloheximide and streptomycin, were used to inhibit autochthonous protozoa or bacteria, respectively. The inhibitors made it possible to isolate the effects of predation or competition on survival of allochthonous bacteria, and each treatment increased the survival of FIB and pathogens. Chlorothalonil's effect was similar to that of cycloheximide, significantly reducing protozoan densities and elevating densities of FIB and pathogens relative to the control. Atrazine treatment did not affect protozoan densities, but, through an effect on competition, resulted in significantly greater densities of <jats:italic>En. faecalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7. Hence, by reducing predaceous protozoa and bacterial competitors that facilitate purifying water bodies of FIBs and human pathogens, chlorothalonil and atrazine indirectly diminished an ecosystem service of fresh water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1242.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:55Z","timestamp":1397649955000},"page":"1945-1953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Agrochemicals indirectly increase survival of <i>E. coli<\/i> O157:H7 and indicator bacteria by reducing ecosystem services"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zachery R.","family":"Staley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Rohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob K.","family":"Senkbeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps033051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1575\/1912\/5582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1128\/am.23.2.431-432.1972","article-title":"Effect of selected herbicides on bacterial growth rates","volume":"23","author":"Breazeale F. 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