{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:29:46Z","timestamp":1787023786166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Predation pressure can alter the morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior of prey; each of these in turn can change how surviving prey interact with parasites. These trait\u2010mediated indirect effects may change in direction or intensity during growth or, in sexually dimorphic species, between the sexes. The Trinidadian guppy,\n                    <jats:italic>Poecilia reticulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    presents a unique opportunity to examine these interactions; its behavioral ecology has been intensively studied in wild populations with well\u2010characterized predator faunas. Predation pressure is known to have driven the evolution of many guppy traits; for example, in high\u2010predation sites, females (but not males) tend to shoal, and this anti\u2010predator behavior facilitates parasite transmission. To test for evidence of predator\u2010driven differences in infection in natural populations, we collected 4715 guppies from 62 sites across Trinidad between 2003 and 2009 and screened them for ectosymbionts, including\n                    <jats:italic>Gyrodactylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A novel model\u2010averaging analysis revealed that females were more likely to be infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Gyrodactylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites than males, but only in populations with both high predation pressure and high infection prevalence. We propose that the difference in shoaling tendency between the sexes could explain the observed difference in infection prevalence between males and females in high\u2010predation sites. The infection rate of juveniles did not vary with predation regime, probably because juveniles face constant predation pressure from conspecific adults and therefore tend to shoal in both high\u2010 and low\u2010predation sites. This represents the first evidence for age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific trait\u2010mediated indirect effects of predators on the probability of infection in their prey.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/14-0495.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T16:55:28Z","timestamp":1406220928000},"page":"489-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Parasites of Trinidadian guppies: evidence for sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific trait\u2010mediated indirect effects of predators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Jessica F.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cock","family":"van Oosterhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1981.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Bart\u00f3n K.2013.MuMIn: multi-model inference package. 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