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The relative importance of these attributes is critical for management of wildlife and mitigating domestic animal and human disease, particularly given rapid ecological changes, such as urbanization. We screened &gt;1000 samples from sympatric populations of puma (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>uma<jats:italic>concolor<\/jats:italic>), bobcat (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>ynx<jats:italic>rufus<\/jats:italic>), and domestic cat (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>elis catus<\/jats:italic>) across urban gradients in six sites, representing three regions, in North America for exposure to a representative suite of bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>artonella<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>oxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, feline herpesvirus\u20101, feline panleukopenea virus, feline calicivirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus). We evaluated prevalence within each species, and examined host trait and land cover determinants of exposure; providing an unprecedented analysis of factors relating to potential for infections in domesticated and wild felids. Prevalence differed among host species (highest for puma and lowest for domestic cat) and was greater for indirectly transmitted pathogens. Sex was inconsistently predictive of exposure to directly transmitted pathogens only, and age infrequently predictive of both direct and indirectly transmitted pathogens. Determinants of pathogen exposure were widely divergent between the wild felid species. For puma, suburban land use predicted increased exposure to<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>artonella<\/jats:italic>sp. in southern California, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 exposure increased near urban edges in Florida. This may suggest interspecific transmission with domestic cats via flea vectors (California) and direct contact (Florida) around urban boundaries. Bobcats captured near urban areas had increased exposure to<jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>in Florida, suggesting an urban source of prey. Bobcats captured near urban areas in Colorado and Florida had higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FIV<\/jats:styled-content>exposure, possibly suggesting increased intraspecific interactions through pile\u2010up of home ranges. Beyond these regional and pathogen specific relationships, proximity to the wildland\u2013urban interface did not generally increase the probability of disease exposure in wild or domestic felids, emphasizing the importance of local ecological determinants. Indeed, pathogen exposure was often negatively associated with the wildland\u2013urban interface for all felids. Our analyses suggest cross\u2010species pathogen transmission events around this interface may be infrequent, but followed by self\u2010sustaining propagation within the new host species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T08:26:43Z","timestamp":1462523203000},"page":"367-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Pathogen exposure varies widely among sympatric populations of wild and domestic felids across the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Carver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7005 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Bevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Wildlife Disease Program United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Boydston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Ecological Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Thousand Oaks California 91360 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Lyren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Ecological Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Thousand Oaks California 91360 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Alldredge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service Montrose Colorado 81410 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L.","family":"Sweanor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife Service Montrose Colorado 81410 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth P. 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