{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:09:31Z","timestamp":1791313771642,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research in savannas has focused on tree\u2013grass interactions, whereas tree species coexistence received little attention. A leading hypothesis to explain tree coexistence is the Janzen\u2010Connell model, which proposes an accumulation of host\u2010specific enemies, e.g., soil organisms. While it has been shown in several non\u2010savanna case studies that seedlings dispersed away from the mother perform better than seedlings that stay close <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>home\u2010away effect), few studies tested whether foreign seedling species can replace own seedlings under conspecific adults (replacement effect). Some studies additionally tested for negative effects of conspecific biota (conspecific effect) to demonstrate the accumulation of enemies. We tested these effects by reciprocally growing seedlings of four tree species on soil collected beneath adults of all species, with and without applying a soil sterilization treatment. We found negative home\u2010away effects suggesting that dispersal is advantageous and negative replacement effects suggesting species replacement under adults. While negative conspecific effects indicate accumulated enemies, positive heterospecific effects indicate an accumulation of mutualists rather than enemies for some species. We suggest that plant\u2010soil feedbacks may well contribute to tree coexistence in savannas due to both negative conspecific and positive heterospecific feedbacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/15-1316.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T09:37:42Z","timestamp":1445506662000},"page":"294-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Plant\u2013soil feedback in East\u2010African savanna trees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Rutten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern  Altenbergrain 21 Bern 3013 Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences Bern University of Applied Science  Zollikofen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern  Altenbergrain 21 Bern 3013 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Systematics University of Bayreuth  Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30 Bayreuth 95440 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern  Altenbergrain 21 Bern 3013 Switzerland"},{"name":"Senckenberg Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Naturforschung Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK\u2010F)  Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt 60325 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-007-9371-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2010.01695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-002-0206-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"298","article-title":"On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees","author":"Connell J. 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