{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:53:02Z","timestamp":1778799182040,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ecosphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Umbrella species are often spatially demanding and have limited ability to adapt to environmental changes induced by human land\u2010use. This makes them vulnerable to human encroachment. In Sweden, broadleaved trees are disadvantaged by forestry, and commercially managed forests are often deprived of dead wood. This has led to a situation where previously widespread top predators in saproxylic food webs, such as the white\u2010backed woodpecker (<jats:italic>Dendrocopos leucotos<\/jats:italic>), have become species of conservation concern. The white\u2010backed woodpecker is generally considered an umbrella species, and it has been linked to forests with large volumes of dead wood from broadleaved trees. In recent years, forest stands have been restored for the white\u2010backed woodpecker, but post\u2010treatment evaluations have rarely included other species that also occur in broad\u2010leaved forests (co\u2010occurring species). Many co\u2010occurring species are saproxylic beetles. In this study, we collected saproxylic beetles and environmental data in restored and commercially managed forests to evaluate if habitat restoration for the white\u2010backed woodpecker also benefited other species with similar habitat associations. We found that volumes of coarse woody debris were higher in restored than in commercially managed forests, and that a majority of man\u2010made snags and downed logs were created from birch trees (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\"><jats:italic>Betula<\/jats:italic><\/jats:named-content>spp.). Most spruce trees (<jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic>) were extracted during forest restoration, and this opened up the forest canopy, and created stands dominated by broadleaved trees. Many saproxylic beetles were more common in restored forests, and there were significant differences in species composition between treatments. These differences were largely explained by species traits. Effects of sun\u2010exposure were particularly important, but many beneficiary species were also linked to dead wood from broadleaved trees. Red\u2010listed saproxylic beetles showed a similar pattern with more species and individuals in restored sites. The white\u2010backed woodpecker is still critically endangered in Sweden, but important prey species are already responding to forest restoration at the stand level. We recognize that landscape\u2010level improvements will be required to bring the white\u2010backed woodpecker back, but also that the umbrella species concept can provide a useful framework for successful forest restoration as many co\u2010occurring saproxylic beetle species seemingly benefitted from restoration for the white\u2010backed woodpecker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1890\/es14-00551.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T21:28:37Z","timestamp":1450733317000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Forest restoration to attract a putative umbrella species, the white\u2010backed woodpecker, benefited saproxylic beetles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Hj\u00e4lt\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolly","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100126797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028275801300090582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Habitat thresholds for focal species at multiple scales and forest biodiversity conservation: dead wood as an example","volume":"40","author":"Angelstam P. 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