{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:04:48Z","timestamp":1793325888368,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"EXTERNALLY, THE HUMAN BODY appears symmetric; if a line is drawn down the middle of the body, each side appears identical. However, this is not true of the internal anatomy. For example, there is one heart, which lies in the left chest, one liver, in the right abdomen, and one stomach, in the left abdomen. The term situs<\/jats:italic> refers to the position or location of an organ, specifically, the position of the atria and abdominal viscera in relation to the midline of the body.1<\/jats:sup> There are three types of situs: solitus, inversus, and ambiguous. Situs solitus<\/jats:italic> refers to the normal arrangement of organs, with the right atrium, liver, gallbladder, trilobed lung, and inferior vena cava on the right side and the left atrium, stomach, spleen, bilobed lung, and descending aorta on the left side (Figures 1\u20133). Situs inversus totalis<\/jats:italic> refers to a mirror image reversal of the normal position of the internal organs (Figures 4 and 5). 1<\/jats:sup> The incidence of situs inversus totalis is 1 in every 8,000 to 25,000 births, and the condition is most often diagnosed by radiographic examination.2<\/jats:sup>Situs ambiguous<\/jats:italic>, often referred to as heterotaxia, is the random arrangement of the internal organs and is associated with splenic abnormalities and congenital heart disease.3<\/jats:sup> The purpose of this column is to discuss the embryology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of situs inversus totalis and to review a case study with radiographic findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.20.1.63","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T07:44:05Z","timestamp":1336463045000},"page":"63-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Situs Inversus Totalis"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Janie","family":"Spoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.4.g99jl31837","article-title":"Situs revisited: Imaging of the heterotaxy syndrome","volume":"19","author":"KE Applegate","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2","article-title":"How the body tells left from right","volume":"280","author":"JCI. Belmonte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"3","first-page":"946","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in infancy and childhood","volume-title":"Heart Disease","author":"WF. Friedman","year":"1997"},{"key":"4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pediatric Cardiovascular Imaging","author":"ILD. Tonkin","year":"1992"},{"issue":"6","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.6.498","article-title":"Defects in the determination of left-right asymmetry","volume":"33","author":"MP Splitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"6","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Anomalies of situs and symmetry","volume-title":"Embryology for Surgeons","author":"SW Gray","year":"1972"},{"issue":"3","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-252","article-title":"Left, right\u2026which way to turn?","volume":"17","author":"D. Srivastava","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320160108","article-title":"Familial clustering of situs inversus totalis, and asplenia and polysplenia syndromes","volume":"16","author":"N Niikawa","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.6.763","article-title":"The compulsion of chirality: Toward an understanding of left-right asymmetry","volume":"12","author":"M Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.4.385a","article-title":"A diagnosis obscured: Pyloric stenosis with situs inversus","volume":"76","author":"B Harrington","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"2","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199808000-00037","article-title":"Traumatic aortic and diaphragmatic rupture in a patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus: Case report","volume":"45","author":"DM Kulick","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.5.1274","article-title":"Situs inversus totalis and lung cancer","volume":"97","author":"K Kodama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820236","article-title":"Liver transplantation in patients with situs inversus","volume":"82","author":"CJE Watson","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02083300","article-title":"Aortic atresia with visceral situs inversus with mirror-image dextrocardia","volume":"19","author":"KH Raines","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320340316","article-title":"Chondrodysplasia, situs inversus totalis, cleft epiglottis and larynx, hexadactyly of hands and feet, pancreatic cystic dysplasia, renal dysplasia\/absence, micropenis and ambiguous genitalia, imperforate anus","volume":"34","author":"FC Fraser","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320340223","article-title":"Otocephaly-midline malformation association","volume":"34","author":"JH Hersh","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440108","article-title":"Unusual short rib-polydactyly syndrome","volume":"44","author":"YC Tsai","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(96)00493-6","article-title":"Kartagener's syndrome: Clinical presentation and cardiosurgical aspects","volume":"62","author":"T Tkebuchava","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","first-page":"133","article-title":"Kartagener's syndrome","volume":"44","author":"TB Kinney","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01954280","article-title":"Kartagener syndrome: An uncommon cause of neonatal respiratory distress?","volume":"154","author":"M Losa","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"21","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Cardiac malposition and abnormalities of abdominal situs","volume-title":"Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine","author":"KG Zahka","year":"1997"},{"key":"22","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests","author":"FT. Fishbach","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.1.63","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T19:15:20Z","timestamp":1568834120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/connect.springerpub.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.1.63"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1891\/0730-0832.20.1.63"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.1.63","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0832","1539-2880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0832","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-2880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}