{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:19:59Z","timestamp":1790875199535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, a parasite, has three modes of transmission: oral intake of raw or undercooked meat or contaminated fruits and vegetables, ingestion of materials contaminated with cat feces, and transplacental infection. The focus of this article is congenital toxoplasmosis, which is transmitted to the fetus across the placenta.<\/jats:p>When primary infection of the mother occurs during pregnancy, there is a 40 percent chance of fetal infection; rate of transmission and severity of infection are related to gestational age at the time of infection. The brain and retina are often affected, and there can be a wide range of clinical disease. Amniocentesis or cordocentesis provides the most accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>At birth, 80\u201390 percent of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. But further testing may reveal retinal and central nervous system abnormalities, and there is a risk of long-term sequelae. Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and convulsions are the typical presentation of classic congenital toxoplasmosis. Serology is the most common method of diagnosing neonatal infection, but more complex tests are also utilized. The prognosis for the untreated infant is poor; however, when antibiotic therapy is started early, the rate of sequelae is reduced significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.20.4.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T07:46:02Z","timestamp":1336463162000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Congenital Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(98)80022-0","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"22","author":"DM Beazley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"key":"2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume-title":"In Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"JS Remington","year":"2001"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"Trojovsky A. 1998. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Retrieved September 24, 1999, from the World Wide Web: http:\/\/wwwang.kfunigraz.ac.at\/\u223ctrojovsk\/toxo<\/a>"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-199609000-00003","article-title":"Varicella infection and toxoplasmosis in pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"A. Grant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"Dubey JP. 1998. Toxoplasmosis gondii. Retrieved September 13, 1999, from the World Wide Web: http:\/\/gsbs.utmb.edu.\/microbook\/ch084.htm<\/a>"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"March of Dimes. 1997. Toxoplasmosis.<\/i> Public health education information sheet. Retrieved September 24,1999, from the World Wide Web: http:\/\/www.noah.cuny.edu\/pregnancy\/march_of_dimes\/pre_preg.plan\/toxoplas.html<\/a>"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"Pediatric Database. 1994. Congenital toxoplasmosis.<\/i> Retrieved September 24, 1999, from the World Wide Web: http:\/\/www.icondata.com\/health\/pedbase\/files\/CONGEN14.HTM<\/a>"},{"issue":"supplement A","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/34.suppl_A.43","article-title":"Epidemiology of neonatal infections","volume":"34","author":"MJ. Tarlow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199712000-00013","article-title":"Serologic and DNA-based testing for congenital and perinatal infections","volume":"16","author":"CM Litwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199808000-00009","article-title":"Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical examination for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis at birth in France","volume":"17","author":"M Wallon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.2893-2898.1999","article-title":"Value of prenatal diagnosis and early postnatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: Retrospective study of 110 cases","volume":"37","author":"F Robert-Gangneux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050084","article-title":"Radiological signs in newborns exposed to primary Toxoplasma infection in utero","volume":"27","author":"K Virkola","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"key":"13","first-page":"318","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume-title":"Manual of Neonatal Care","author":"NG. Guerina","year":"1998"},{"issue":"8914","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91054-5","article-title":"Termination of pregnancy for maternal toxoplasmosis","volume":"344","author":"A Berrebi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9167","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08220-8","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: Risk estimates for clinical counselling","volume":"353","author":"D Dunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2 part 1","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70224-3","article-title":"Treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A multicenter study of impact on fetal transmission and children's sequelae at age 1 year","volume":"180","author":"W Foulon","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.199.2.8668790","article-title":"Resolution of intracranial calcifications in infants with treated congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"199","author":"DV Patel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"18","first-page":"385","article-title":"Uveitis in children","volume":"96","author":"JJ Kazdan","year":"1967","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 1999. Toxoplasmosis.<\/i> Retrieved September 24, 1999, from the World Wide Web: http:\/\/cerhr.niehs.nih.gov\/genpub\/topics\/toxoplasmosis2.html<\/a>"}],"container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.4.23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T07:56:50Z","timestamp":1594108610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/connect.springerpub.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.4.23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1891\/0730-0832.20.4.23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0730-0832.20.4.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0832","1539-2880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0832","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-2880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}