{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1748622419480},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is essentially a heart-lung bypass machine that can be used to support certain critically ill neonates. ECMO therapy reached a peak in usage in the mid to late 1980s. At that time, ECMO was most often used for severe complications of persistent pulmonary hypertension, meconium aspiration, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and sepsis. Since that time, the use of ECMO has decreased, due largely to newer medical advances that have improved the course of these neonates. Whether a nurse works in a Level III ECMO center or a Level I, II, or III NICU, ECMO treatment has become less familiar than it once was. But even though ECMO is used less often, there are times when nothing can take its place. It is important to stay informed so that families of those critically ill newborns who do need ECMO can be educated and supported. This article defines ECMO, discusses when it should be incorporated into the plan of care, describes advances in the NICU that have resulted in the dramatic reduction in the use of ECMO, and provides information and communication strategies to better support the family of a very sick newborn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.23.4.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T14:30:28Z","timestamp":1321453828000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Update on ECMO"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dina","family":"Tulenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbourne D, Field D, and Mugford M. 2002. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants. Cochrane Review.<\/i> Retrieved August 27, 2003, from http:\/\/wwwnichd.nih.gov\/cochraneneonatal\/Elbourne\/ Elbourne.htm<\/a>","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001340"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. 2003. Robert H. Bartlett, MD, FACS, bioengineer, clinical innovator, and thoracic surgeon is recipient of Jacobson Innovation Award, June 6. Retrieved August 26, 2003, from http:\/\/www.facs.org\/news\/jacobson. html<\/a>"},{"issue":"6","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1339","article-title":"Decreased use of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): How new treatment modalities have affected ECMO utilization.","volume":"106","author":"SR Hintz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"University of Michigan Health Systems. n.d. ECLS referrals. Retrieved August 26, 2003, from http:\/\/www.med.umich.edu \/ecmo\/referrals.htm<\/a>"},{"issue":"5","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.32257","article-title":"The impact of changing neonatal respiratory management on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization.","volume":"37","author":"TT Hui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis PJ, and Shekerdemian LS. 2001. Meconium aspiration syndrome and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition<\/i> 84(1): F1\u2013F3. Retrieved September 13, 2002, from http:\/\/ fetalneonatal.com\/cgi\/content\/<\/a>","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.1.F1"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy BJ, et al. 2000. The changing demographics of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry. 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Respiratory diseases. In Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care<\/i>, 5th ed., Merenstein GB, and Gardner SL, eds. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 538\u2013541."},{"issue":"3","key":"12","first-page":"22","article-title":"Fundamentals of patient management during high frequency jet ventilation.","volume":"8","author":"ED Richards","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neonatal Intensive Care"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"Karp T. 1997. High-frequency ventilation: The current challenge to neonatal nursing. In Acute Respiratory Care of the Neonate<\/i>, 2nd ed., Askin DF, ed. Santa Rosa, California: NICU INK, 313\u2013340."},{"issue":"6","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(90)90025-X","article-title":"High-frequency ventilation in neonates.","volume":"2","author":"K. Tsuzaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 2003. Section of Neonatology: department of Pediatrics: Nitric oxide. Retrieved April 11, 2004, from http:\/\/www.neonate.net\/clinical\/ programs\/no.htm<\/a>"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finer NN, and Barrington KJ. 2001. Cochrane Reports: Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term. Retrieved October 12, 2002, from http:\/\/www.nichd.nih.gov\/ cochraneneonatal\/finer\/finer.htm<\/a>","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000399"},{"issue":"5","key":"17","first-page":"342","article-title":"The use of inhaled nitric oxide in newborn medicine.","volume":"2","author":"SG. Golombek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heart Disease"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"Moyer V, et al. 2002. Cochrane Reports: Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants. 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Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 299\u2013321."},{"issue":"10","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000603","article-title":"Do we need new indications for ECMO in neonates pretreated with high-frequency ventilation and\/or inhaled nitric oxide?","volume":"26","author":"H Kossel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"Gomella TL. 2004. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 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