{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T16:30:27Z","timestamp":1725726627301},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>MANAGEMENT OF FLUIDS AND electrolytes is crucial when caring for the high-risk neonate. Fluid and electrolyte requirements vary with developmental limitations related to gestational age, as well as by the diagnosis or disease process involved. Management is further complicated by the physiologic contraction of extracellular water, and subsequent weight loss, that occurs during the first week after birth. Therefore, fluid and electrolyte balance requires meticulous assessment of both physiologic and clinical data in conjunction with laboratory data. Data to be followed include heart rate, blood pressure, skin turgor, capillary refill, mucus membranes, fullness of the anterior fontanel, daily (or more frequent) weights, intake and output, creatinine levels, and daily (or more frequent) serum electrolyte levels.<jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup> Very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants may require an assessment of weight as often as three times a day and sampling of serum electrolytes as often as every four to eight hours.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.26.2.125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T14:52:45Z","timestamp":1321455165000},"page":"125-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Potassium and Sodium Homeostasis in the Neonate"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Nash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"Dell, K. M., & Davis, I. R. (2006). Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis, part 1. In R. J. Martin, A. A. Fanaroff, & M. C. Walsh (Eds.), <i>Neonatal-perinatal medicine, diseases of the fetus and infant<\/i> (8th ed., pp. 695\u2013712). Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"Modi, N. (2005). Fluid and electrolyte balance. In J. M. Rennie (Ed.), <i>Roberton's textbook of neonatology<\/i> (4th ed., pp. 335\u2013354). Philadelphia: Elsevier."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"Benchimol, C., & Satlin, S. M. (2004). Potassium homeostasis in the fetus and neonate. In R. A. Polin, W. W. Fox, & S. H. Abman (Eds.), <i>Fetal and neonatal physiology<\/i> (3rd ed., pp. 1279\u20131286). Philadelphia: Saunders."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-199912000-00007","article-title":"Continuous insulin intravenous infusion therapy for VLBW infants.","volume":"13","author":"G. Ditzenberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"Haycock, G. (2005). Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract. In J. M. Rennie (Ed.), <i>Roberton's textbook of neonatology<\/i> (4th ed., pp. 929\u2013944). Philadelphia: Elsevier."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0986-9","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapy of non-oliguric hyperkalaemia of the premature infant.","volume":"161","author":"E. Mildenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"Stefano, J. L. (2005). Fluid and electrolyte physiology. In A. R. Spitzer (Ed.), <i>Intensive care of the fetus and neonate<\/i> (2nd ed., pp. 1221\u20131230). Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"Ayling, R. M., & Carragher, F. (2005). Appendix 6: Neonatal biochemical reference ranges. In J. M. Rennie (Ed.), <i>Roberton's textbook of neonatology<\/i> (4th ed., pp. 1300\u20131307). Philadelphia: Elsevier."},{"key":"9","first-page":"211","article-title":"Early onset hyperkalemia in extremely low birth weight infants.","author":"H. Kilbride","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology 8"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70128-8","article-title":"Potassium metabolism in extremely low birth weight infants in the first week of life.","volume":"131","author":"J. Lorenz","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(06)80133-2","article-title":"Decreased erythrocyte Na+,K+-ATPase activity associated with cellular potassium loss in extremely low birth weight infants with nonoliguric hyperkalemia.","volume":"122","author":"J. Stefano","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.125229","article-title":"Efficacy of albuterol inhalation in treatment of hyperkalemia in premature neonates.","volume":"141","author":"B. Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"Feld, L. G., & Corey, H. E. (2004). Renal transport of sodium during early development. In R. A. Polin, W. W. Fox, & S. H. Abman (Eds.), <i>Fetal and neonatal physiology<\/i> (3rd ed., pp. 1267\u20131278). Philadelphia: Saunders."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200106000-00006","article-title":"Severe hypernatremic dehydration and death in a breast-fed infant.","volume":"17","author":"R. H. 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