{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:16:26Z","timestamp":1792797386247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Violence Vict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the prevalence of miscarriage\/stillbirth among female sex workers who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) and measures its associations with physical and sexual violence. Baseline data from 582 FSW-IDUs enrolled in an HIV intervention study in Tijuana and Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico were used for current analyses. 30% of participants had experienced at least one miscarriage\/stillbirth, 51% had experienced sexual violence, and 49% had experienced physical violence. History of miscarriage\/stillbirth was associated with sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>] = 1.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .02) but not physical violence. Additional reproductive risks associated with miscarriage\/stillbirth included high numbers of male clients in the previous month (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 1.1 per 30 clients, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), history of abortion (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 3.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), and higher number of pregnancies (a<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 1.4 per additional pregnancy, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Programs and research with this population should integrate reproductive health and consider gender-based violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.11-00129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T19:18:26Z","timestamp":1370114306000},"page":"496-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Sexual Violence Among Female Sex Workers Who Inject Drugs on the United States\u2013Mexico Border"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lotus","family":"McDougal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffanie A.","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudelia","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Sirotin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamila K.","family":"Stockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica D.","family":"Ulibarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60096-9"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-S1-S3","article-title":"Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): Evidence for effectiveness of interventions","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-S1-S7","article-title":"Delivering interventions to reduce the global burden of stillbirths: Improving service supply and community demand","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/2.2.118"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182000e47"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.037846"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.096834"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.01.008","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: A problematic infection from both a perinatal and neonatal perspective","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-008-0609-0"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.2.73"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.02.014","article-title":"\u201cOver here, it\u2019s just drugs, women and all the madness\u201d: The HIV risk environment of clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico","volume":"72","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00594.x"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-49","article-title":"Increased risk of miscarriage among women experiencing physical or sexual intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Guatemala City, Guatemala: Cross-sectional study","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.028324"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550881003684723"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramer M. S. , & Kakuma R. (2003). Energy and protein intake in pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(4), CD000032.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000032"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-S1-S2","article-title":"3.2 million stillbirths: Epidemiology and overview of the evidence review","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2002.0329","article-title":"Influence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis on pregnancy outcome, infant health and life-long sequelae in infected offspring","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90184-1"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-70","article-title":"Maternal and foetal outcomes among pregnant women hospitalised due to interpersonal violence: A population based study in Western Australia, 2002\u20132008","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902043400501"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3016504"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.11.013"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832f08a1"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(08)31345-7"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00007-5"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.10.003"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.30","unstructured":"Sanchez S. E. , Alva A. V. , Diez Chang G. , Qiu C. , Yanez D. , Gelaye B. , & Williams M. A. (2012). Risk of spontaneous preterm birth in relation to maternal exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Peru. Maternal and Child Health Journal."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.31","first-page":"223","article-title":"Sex-trafficking, violence, negotiating skill, and HIV infection in brothel-based sex workers of eastern India, adjoining Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh","volume":"26","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610802042415"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.33","first-page":"920","article-title":"Socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors of female sex workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review","volume":"16","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2939"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01481.x"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-12","article-title":"Induced abortion, pregnancy loss and intimate partner violence in Tanzania: A population based study","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019048"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002690"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-357"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00438.x","article-title":"Violence against young Australian women and association with reproductive events: A cross-sectional analysis of a national population sample","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017500","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among female sex workers in two Mexico-U.S. Border Cities: Partner characteristics and HIV risk-behaviors as correlates of abuse","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9595-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.43","first-page":"523","article-title":"Social and structural factors associated with consistent condom use among female entertainment workers trading sex in the Philippines","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342952"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.008342"},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.46","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2005). WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women: Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women\u2019s responses. Geneva, Switzerland: Author."},{"key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-S1-S3","article-title":"Reducing stillbirths: Behavioural and nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019091204451373000_28.3.496.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/13548501003623914","article-title":"A profile of HIV risk factors in the context of sex work environments among migrant female sex workers in Beijing, China","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychology, Health & Medicine"}],"container-title":["Violence and Victims"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1891\/0886-6708.11-00129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T11:45:41Z","timestamp":1568288741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/connect.springerpub.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1891\/0886-6708.11-00129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1891\/0886-6708.11-00129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.11-00129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-6708","1945-7073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-6708","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}