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The incidence of CHD in NAS (the main outcome variable) was compared to those without NAS using \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> analysis and odds ratios for CHD with significant differences. There were 4,994,919 neonatal admissions during the study period: 26,284 with NAS (2.3% had CHD) and 4,968,715 without NAS (1.1% had CHD) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Odds ratios for five CHD types (atrioventricular septal defect, aortic coarctation\/hypoplastic arch, double-inlet left ventricle, pulmonary valve stenosis, and pulmonary artery stenosis) were higher in NAS. There is the suggestion of a higher incidence of some forms of moderate and severe CHD in neonates with NAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/nn-2024-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T22:05:20Z","timestamp":1755295520000},"page":"256-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Higher Incidence of Moderate and Severe Congenital Heart Disease in Patients With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Zak","family":"Webber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Grisham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar Z.","family":"Meziab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent J.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina M.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Klewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tally M.","family":"Largent-Milnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Seckeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081515050940000_44.4.256.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolk H , McCullough N , Callaghan S , et al. 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