{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:55:41Z","timestamp":1790578541966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are the most common complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period, affecting approximately one in five women in the United States. Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders encompass postpartum depression, perinatal anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar spectrum disorder, and perinatal psychosis. Despite their prevalence, PMADs remain significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated, with up to 75% of affected women not receiving adequate care. Untreated PMADs carry substantial consequences for maternal health, infant development, and family well-being, with an estimated annual economic burden of $14.2 billion. NICU admission compounds parental risk due to heightened stress, trauma, and uncertainty. Fathers and nonbirthing parents are also affected but remain largely unscreened. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, key symptoms, screening, and treatment considerations for each PMAD, with case studies illustrating clinical implications for neonatal nursing practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/nn-2026-0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:00:19Z","timestamp":1790341219000},"page":"278-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What Every NICU Nurse Should Know About Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Patti","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Falke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005202"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5 th ed. American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.3","unstructured":"Maternal Mental Health Leadership Alliance. Maternal mental health overview [Fact Sheet]. 2025. Accessed 8 February 2026. https:\/\/mmhla.org"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.4","unstructured":"Policy Center for Maternal Mental Health. Maternal mental health [Fact Sheet]. 2025. Accessed 8 February 2026. https:\/\/policycentermmh.org\/maternal-mental-health-fact-sheet\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Perinatal mood and anxiety disorder and reproductive justice: examining unmet needs for mental health and social services in a national cohort","volume":"8","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Equity"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200803"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.7","unstructured":"Luca, DL , Garlow, N , Staatz, C , Margiotta, C , Zivin, K . Issue brief societal costs of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. 2019. Accessed 8 February 2026. http:\/\/mathematica-mpr.com\/"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2024-0556","article-title":"Assessing high-risk perinatal complications as risk factors for postpartum mood disorders","volume":"53","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001234"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-08512-0","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression, anxiety, and comorbidity of both disorders: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02660.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-00996-6","article-title":"Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, serious mental illness, and delivery-related health outcomes, United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.035","article-title":"The role of perinatal maternal symptoms of depression, anxiety and pregnancy-specific anxiety for infant\u2019s self-regulation: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"346","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.002","article-title":"Maternal depression and personality traits in association with child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years: mother-child cohort (RHEA Study) in Crete, Greece","volume":"217","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.12.001"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byatt, N , Mittal, LP , Brenckle, L , et al. Lifeline for moms perinatal mental health toolkit. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7191\/pib.1140","DOI":"10.7191\/pib.1140"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316669047","article-title":"New fathers\u2019 perinatal depression and anxiety\u2014treatment options: an integrative review","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-042747","article-title":"Maternal and paternal depression symptoms during NICU stay and transition home","volume":"148","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000777","article-title":"Noteworthy professional news","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70264","article-title":"Improving parents\u2019 emotional well-being in NICU: a scoping review","volume":"31","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.23","first-page":"13","article-title":"Evidence-based assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cent Nerv Syst Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01323-6","article-title":"Course of illness and treatment updates for bipolar disorder in the perinatal period","volume":"24","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112748","article-title":"Symptom profile of postpartum and non-postpartum manic episodes in bipolar I disorder: a within-subjects study","volume":"284","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.025","article-title":"Antidepressant treatment postpartum and the risk of treatment-emergent mania","volume":"223","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026092723150891000_45.4.278.27","unstructured":"ACOG. Implementing perinatal mental health screening. Accessed 8 February 2026. https:\/\/www.acog.org\/programs\/perinatal-mental-health\/implementing-perinatal-mental-health-screening"}],"container-title":["Neonatal Network"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1891\/NN-2026-0018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1790576120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/connect.springerpub.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1891\/NN-2026-0018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1891\/NN-2026-0018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/nn-2026-0018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0832","1539-2880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0832","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-2880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}