{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T18:27:37Z","timestamp":1785608857287,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Theory Nurs Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Effective diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) management critically involves wound care, pain management, and the development of patients\u2019 self-management skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing care based on the Orem Self-Care Model on pain, activities of daily living, and wound size in patients with DFUs.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This experimental control group study was conducted with 66 patients diagnosed with grade 2 DFU according to the Wagner classification. Data were collected using an Introductory Information Form, the Modified Barthel Index, and the Numerical Rating Scale. Statistical analysis utilized Mann\u2013Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Friedman Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance on Ranks tests.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    At the study\u2019s outcome, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and disease data (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05). The Modified Barthel Index scores of the experimental group increased significantly each week, notably exceeding those of the control group in the third and fourth weeks (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). Pain scores in both groups decreased significantly over time (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001). Although the control group\u2019s pain scores were statistically significantly lower than the experimental group\u2019s in the second and third weeks (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), this difference was not observed by the fourth week (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05). Although the wound area was initially higher in the experimental group, the wound healing rate in the experimental group (54.6%) was calculated to be higher than in the control group (35.6%).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/rtnp-2025-0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:50:21Z","timestamp":1771062621000},"page":"124-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Nursing Care Based on the Orem Self-Care Model on Pain, Activities of Daily Living, and Wound Size in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Tun\u00e7 Tuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Durdane","family":"Yilmaz G\u00fcven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagihan","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckakarsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.1","article-title":"The effect of Orem self-care program on sleep quality, daily activities, and lower extremity edema in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advanced Biomedical Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.2","first-page":"1906","article-title":"Differential hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress among rat strains: Methodological considerations and relevance for neuropsychiatric research","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.3","article-title":"Podiatrists\u2019 views of assessment and management of pain in diabetes-related foot ulcers: A focus group study","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.4","first-page":"165","article-title":"Preventing and managing diabetic foot ulcers: Application of Orem\u2019s self-care model","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.5","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Factors related to self-care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-care of chronic wounds in the household environment: An analysis from the perspective of Dorothea Orem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cienc Cuid Saude"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655000750045604"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.8","first-page":"199","article-title":"Wound pain management: The present and the future","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Management and Research"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.9","article-title":"Functional independence and disability evaluation in stroke patients: Optimal cutoff scores for a Pictorial-based Longshi Scale, Barthel Index, and Modified Rankin Scale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.10","first-page":"104580","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of the role of pituitary-adrenal interactions in ultradian rhythms of the HPA axis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.11","article-title":"Effectiveness of personalized continuous care in wound care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.023"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199912000-00038"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.14","article-title":"Conservative surgical treatment for metatarsal osteomyelitis in diabetic foot: Experience of two French centres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.15","first-page":"16","article-title":"Foot self-care experiences among patients with diabetes: A systematic review of qualitative studies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wound Management & Prevention"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.16","first-page":"14","article-title":"Self-care assistance approach based on Dorothea Orem\u2019s theory to improve activities of daily living among schizophrenic patients at Atma Husada Mahakam Psychiatric Hospital, Samarinda","year":"2022","journal-title":"South East Asia Nursing Research"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.17","article-title":"Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (IWGDF 2019 update)","author":"IWGDF Editorial Board","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.18","article-title":"Enhancing daily living and cognitive functions in traumatic brain injury patients through Orem\u2019s self-care theory","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.19","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and mechanism of the combination of autologous platelet-rich gel and recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor in the management of refractory diabetic foot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.20","first-page":"10493","article-title":"The combinative effects of Orem self-care theory and PDCA nursing on cognitive function, neurological function and daily living ability in acute stroke","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.21","first-page":"2543","article-title":"Severity of wound-related pain and associated factors among patients who underwent wound management at teaching and referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Research"},{"key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/RTNP-D-20-00093"},{"issue":"26","key":"2026030910452061000_40.1.124.23","article-title":"Comprehensive nursing model for diabetic foot ulcers: A strategy to improve prognosis and quality of life","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Research and Theory for 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