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Exploratory analyses showed that CM was also indirectly associated with PTSD symptoms via lack of emotional awareness, nonacceptance, and difficulty controlling impulses. A near-equivalent model revealed reverse associations: PTSD symptoms mediated the association between CM and ER difficulties. The current study provided some empirical evidence to the theoretical sequence of ER and replicated indirect effects of CM on PTSD symptoms via ER difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/vv-2023-0103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:40:19Z","timestamp":1736761219000},"page":"539-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indirect Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms via Emotion Regulation Difficulties"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Sistad Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raluca M.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091007300569000_40.4.539.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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