{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T17:29:35Z","timestamp":1767720575339,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Publishing Company","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Violence Vict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a growing understanding of the intersection of natural disasters and human trafficking, but there are few empirical research studies on this phenomenon. This exploratory study seeks to advance knowledge on the nexus of human trafficking after natural disasters in the Gulf South region of the United States. We conducted semistructured interviews with 46 disaster responders and human trafficking responders working in Louisiana during a major hurricane between 2017 and 2022. These interviews explored the landscape of human trafficking in the wake of disasters, the impact of natural disasters on respondents\u2019 abilities to identify and respond to trafficking, and the lessons that respondents learned from their experiences. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that respondents identified both sex and labor trafficking that occurred after hurricanes. Responders were severely limited in their ability to respond to trafficking in postdisaster settings. However, responders found creative and innovative partnerships to overcome challenges in postdisaster settings. We discuss implications for human trafficking responders, disaster responders, and researchers to advance antitrafficking response in postdisaster settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1891\/vv-2024-0095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T13:55:11Z","timestamp":1767621311000},"page":"1010-1031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Trafficking in the Wake of Natural Disasters: A Case Study of Preparedness and Response in Louisiana"],"prefix":"10.1891","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Leanne","family":"McCallum Desselle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Barrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hoogesteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"793","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.1","first-page":"36","article-title":"What is the link between natural disaster and human trafficking and slavery?","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Slavery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human trafficking and the Haitian child abduction attempt: Policy analysis and implications for social workers and NASW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.3","first-page":"191","article-title":"Modern slavery, environmental degradation and climate change: Fisheries, field, forests and factories","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment and Planning E"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.4","unstructured":"Browne-Dianis, J. , Lai, J. , Hincapie, M. , & Soni, S . (2006). And injustice for all: Workers lives in the reconstruction of New Orleans . Leadership Conference on Civil Rights."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.5","first-page":"391","article-title":"Global crises: Gendered vulnerabilities of structural inequality, environmental performance, and modern slavery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Arenas"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between humanitarian emergencies and human trafficking","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Slavery"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/police\/pan071"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.8","unstructured":"Delaney, S . (2006). Protecting children from sexual exploitation & sexual violence in disaster & emergency situations . ECPAT International."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Changing livelihood, disaster and human trafficking: A study of the disaster affected areas of Assam","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.10","first-page":"23","article-title":"The vulnerable subject: Anchoring equality in the human condition","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Law & Feminism"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.11","first-page":"251","article-title":"The vulnerable subject and the responsive state","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emory Law Journal"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.12","unstructured":"Global Protection Cluster. (2020). An introductory guide to anti-trafficking action in internal displacement contexts . https:\/\/publications.iom.int\/system\/files\/pdf\/guidance-anti-trafficking.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.13","first-page":"163","article-title":"Small communities in crisis: Examining the impact of disaster on crimes using social disorganization theory","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.14","first-page":"153","article-title":"Human trafficking in Nepal: Post-earthquake risk and response","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.15","unstructured":"Hepburn, S. , & Simon, R. J . (2013). Human trafficking around the world: Hidden in plain sight . Columbia University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.16","first-page":"2877","article-title":"The intersection of human trafficking and natural disasters: A scoping review","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, & Abuse"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.17","unstructured":"International Organization for Migration. (2015). Addressing human trafficking and exploitation in times of crisis: Evidence and recommendations for further action to protect vulnerable and mobile populations . https:\/\/publications.iom.int\/system\/files\/pdf\/addressing_human_trafficking_dec2015.pdf"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.18","unstructured":"Louisiana Governor\u2019s Office of Human Trafficking Prevention (OHTP). (2022a). Louisiana annual human trafficking data report ."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.19","unstructured":"Louisiana Governor\u2019s Office of Human Trafficking Prevention (OHTP). (2022b). Louisiana natural disasters & human trafficking outreach toolkit . https:\/\/humantrafficking.la.gov\/resources\/disasters"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malinowski, R. , & Schulze, M . (2019). Out of the frying pan into the fire: Are climate disasters fuelling human trafficking in Kenya? In M. Van Reisen , M. Mawere , M. Stokmans , & K. A. GebreEgziabher (Eds.), Roaming Africa: Migration, resilience and social protection (pp. 143\u2013170). African Books Collective. http:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/book\/71537","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvvh85q7.12"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5460.2002"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.14197\/atr.201220152","article-title":"Reflections from the field: Disparate responses to labour exploitation in post-Katrina Louisiana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anti-Trafficking Review"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.23","unstructured":"Miles, M. B. , Huberman, A. M. , & Salda\u00f1a, J . (2019). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4 th ed.). ISBN-13 978-1506353074."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molinari, N . (2017). Intensifying insecurities: The impact of climate change on vulnerability to human trafficking in the Indian Sundarbans. Anti-Trafficking Review , 8 (8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14197\/atr.20121784","DOI":"10.14197\/atr.20121784"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.25","first-page":"395","article-title":"Rumours of child trafficking after natural disasters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Children and Media"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naik, A. , Stigler, E. , & Laczko, F . (2007). Migration, development and natural disasters: Insights from the Indian Ocean Tsunami . International Organization for Migration. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18356\/3fd4eb25-en","DOI":"10.18356\/3fd4eb25-en"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.27","unstructured":"National Hurricane Center (NHC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (n.d.). Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/aboutsshws.php"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.28","unstructured":"Polaris. (2017). Natural disasters and the increased risk for human trafficking . https:\/\/polarisproject.org\/blog\/2017\/09\/natural-disasters-and-the-increased-risk-for-human-trafficking\/"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.29","first-page":"11","article-title":"Disaster medicine: Public health threats associated with disasters","year":"2019","journal-title":"FP Essentials"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.30","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, J. J. , Watson, R. , &Broken Levees and Broken Promises: Migrant narratives in their own words. (2006). Southern Poverty Law Center Immigrant Justice Project, Montgomery . https:\/\/www.splcenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/d6_legacy_files\/downloads\/brokenlevees.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.31","first-page":"229","article-title":"Narratives of uncertainty: The affective force of child-trafficking rumors in postdisaster Aceh, Indonesia","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Anthropologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.32","first-page":"135","article-title":"Guaranteeing the broadest protection to minors in the aftermath of disasters: Re-framing the international discussion in terms of child abduction, sale, and trafficking","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.33","first-page":"324","article-title":"Potential impact of climate change on human trafficking: A narrative review","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.34","unstructured":"Smukler, T . (2006). Working on faith: A faithful response to worker abuse in New Orleans, interfaith worker justice, Chicago . https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/71342683.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.35","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rethinking effective remedies to the climate crisis: A vulnerability theory approach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Rights Review"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.36","unstructured":"Stahl, M. , Parenteau, S. , & Chilka, K . (2018). Trafficking prevention and disaster response. National Human Training and Technical Assistance Center."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.37","unstructured":"State of Louisiana Governor\u2019s Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness (GOHSEP). (n.d.). Response overview . https:\/\/gohsep.la.gov\/RESPOND\/OVERVIEW"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.38","unstructured":"State of New Jersey Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). (n.d.). Domestic violence and disasters . https:\/\/www.nj.gov\/dcf\/home\/Domestic%20Violence%20and%20Disasters%20with%20Sources.pdf"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.39","first-page":"102268","article-title":"Mitigating trafficking of migrants and children through disaster risk reduction: Insights from the Thailand flood","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.40","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2022). A guide to managing stress for disaster responders and first responders (PEP22-01-01-003)."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.41","unstructured":"Theodore, N . (2017). After the storm: Houston\u2019s day labor markets in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey . Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.42","unstructured":"Tyrrell, K. , Hildreth, K. , & Oren, S . (2022). The storm that changed disaster policy forever. National Conference of State Legislators."},{"key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.43","unstructured":"Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 U.S.C. 78. (2000). https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/106\/plaws\/publ386\/PLAW-106publ386.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.44","first-page":"737","article-title":"Wage theft among Latino day laborers in post-Katrina New Orleans: Comparing contractors with other employers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of International Migration and Integration"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010609250846000_40.6.1010.45","first-page":"407","article-title":"New challenges for the realisation of migrants\u2019 rights following the Haiti 2010 earthquake: Haitian women on the borderlands","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulletin of Latin American Research"}],"container-title":["Violence and Victims"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1891\/VV-2024-0095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T17:25:20Z","timestamp":1767720320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/connect.springerpub.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1891\/VV-2024-0095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1891\/VV-2024-0095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/vv-2024-0095","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-6708","1945-7073"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0886-6708"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1945-7073"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}