{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:40:23Z","timestamp":1735929623475,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]],"date-time":"2009-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2227,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the Willamette River Basin (WRB, Oregon, USA), health advisories currently limit consumption of fish that have accumulated methylmercury (MeHg) to levels posing a potential health risk for humans. Under the Clean Water Act, these advisories create the requirement for a total maximum daily load (TMDL) for mercury in the WRB. A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive and still meet water-quality standards. Because MeHg is known to biomagnify in aquatic food webs, a basin-specific biomagnification factor can be used, given a protective fish tissue criterion, to estimate total mercury concentrations in surface waters required to lower advisory mercury concentrations currently in fish in the WRB. This paper presents an aquatic food web biomagnification model that simulates inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) and MeHg accumulation in fish tissue and estimates WRB-specific biomagnification factors for resident fish species of concern to stakeholders. Probabilistic (two-dimensional Monte Carlo) techniques propagate parameter variability and uncertainty throughout the model, providing decision makers with credible range information and increased flexibility in establishing a specific mercury target level. The model predicts the probability of tissue mercury concentrations in eight fish species within the range of concentrations measured in these species over 20 years of water-quality monitoring. Estimated mean biomagnification factor values range from 1.12 \u00d7 106 to 7.66 \u00d7 106 and are within the range of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency national values. Several WRB-specific mercury target levels are generated, which vary by their probability of affording human health protection relative to the federal MeHg tissue criterion of 0.30 mg\/kg. Establishing a specific numeric target level is, however, a public policy decision, and one that will require further discussions among WRB stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/02-395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T16:50:18Z","timestamp":1100796618000},"page":"2525-2537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A basin-specific aquatic food web biomagnification model for estimation of mercury target levels"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bruce","family":"Hope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Quality Division, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 811 SW Sixth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Guidance for water quality-based decisions: The TMDL process","year":"1991","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib1"},{"volume-title":"Water quality criterion for the protection of human health: Methylmercury (final)","year":"2001","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib2"},{"volume-title":"Watershed management of mercury in the San Francisco Bay Estuary: Draft total maximum daily load report to U.S. EPA","year":"2000","author":"California Regional Water Quality Control Board.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib3"},{"volume-title":"Water quality in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1991\u201395","year":"1998","author":"Wentz","key":"2025010318034314000_bib4"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(91)90031-Q","article-title":"Mercury methylation in aquatic systems affected by acid deposition","volume":"71","author":"Gilmour","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"volume-title":"Mercury study report to congress","year":"1997","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib6"},{"volume-title":"A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients: Bioaccumulation in fish","year":"2001","author":"Brumbaugh","key":"2025010318034314000_bib7"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib8","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Mercury Pollution: Integration and Synthesis","author":"Rodgers","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib9","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Interpreting Concentrations of Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife Tissues","author":"Wiener","year":"1996"},{"volume-title":"Contaminants in aquatic habitats at hazardous waste sites: Mercury","year":"1996","author":"Beckvar","key":"2025010318034314000_bib10"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00292064","article-title":"Experimental study of trophic contamination of Salmo gairdneri by two mercury compounds\u2014 HgCl2 and CH3HgCl\u2014Analysis at the organism and organ levels","volume":"26","author":"Boudou","year":"1985","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620100711","article-title":"Pathways analysis method for estimating water and sediment criteria at hazardous waste sites","volume":"10","author":"Fordham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"year":"1997","author":"Altman","key":"2025010318034314000_bib13"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib14","first-page":"1989","article-title":"Steady-state model of biota sediment accumulation factor for metals in two marine bivalves","volume":"14","author":"Thomann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00259.x","article-title":"Use of probabilistic exposure models in ecological assessments of contaminated sites","volume":"14","author":"MacIntosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1021\/es960609t","article-title":"Modeling the elimination of mercury by fish","volume":"31","author":"Trudel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(93)90045-T","article-title":"A model for predicting the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in aquatic food-webs: Application to Lake Ontario","volume":"69","author":"Gobas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1139\/f82-155","article-title":"Structuring of a predator population through temperature-mediated effects on prey availability","volume":"39","author":"Adams","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00263.x","article-title":"Uncertainty and variability in human exposures to soil contaminants through homegrown food: A Monte Carlo assessment","volume":"14","author":"McKone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030091124419","article-title":"Separating variability and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment\u2014Making choices","volume":"6","author":"Kelley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00213970","article-title":"An ecoregion approach to mercury bioaccumulation by fish in reservoirs","volume":"28","author":"Allen-Gil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"year":"1996","author":"Fuhrer","key":"2025010318034314000_bib22"},{"volume-title":"Laboratory Analytical Storage and Retrieval System (LASAR)","year":"2003","author":"Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib23"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1995)124<0335:VIBCON>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Variability in biological characteristics of northern squawfish in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers","volume":"124","author":"Parker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans Am Fish Soc"},{"volume-title":"A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico","year":"1991","author":"Page","key":"2025010318034314000_bib25"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90333-G","article-title":"The rainbow trout","volume":"100","author":"Gall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"volume-title":"An Assessment of Mercury in the Environment","year":"1978","author":"Environmental Studies Board.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib27"},{"year":"1968","author":"Hannerz","key":"2025010318034314000_bib28"},{"volume-title":"Ambient water quality criteria for mercury\u20141984","year":"1985","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.","key":"2025010318034314000_bib29"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.49.1249","article-title":"Accumulation of mercury by the marine copepod Acartia clausi","volume":"49","author":"Hirota","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00387669","article-title":"Accumulation and depuration of mercury in the American oyster Crassostrea virginica","volume":"20","author":"Cunningham","year":"1973","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1139\/f74-207","article-title":"Effect of temperature on accumulation of methyl mercuric chloride and p,p'-DDT by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"31","author":"Reinert","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9327(78)90096-4","article-title":"Mercury bioconcentration in fish: Temperature and concentration effects","volume":"17","author":"Cember","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib34","first-page":"1989","article-title":"Steady-state model of biota sediment accumulation factor for metals in two marine bivalves","volume":"14","author":"Thomann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1139\/f76-324","article-title":"Long-term effects of methylmercuric chloride on three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Toxicity, accumulation, distribution, and elimination","volume":"33","author":"McKim","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(99)00083-5","article-title":"Trophic accumulation and depuration of mercury by blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum)","volume":"49","author":"Evans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3354\/meps062259","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in a marine grazing food-chain: Algal cells (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), mussels (Mytilus edulis) and flounders (Platichthysflesus) studied by means of a stepwise-reduction\u2013CVAA method","volume":"62","author":"Riisgard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1139\/f76-035","article-title":"A bioenergetics-based model for pollutant accumulation in fish. Simulation of PCB and methylmercury residue levels in Ottawa River yellow perch","volume":"33","author":"Norstrom","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2307\/3543865","article-title":"Mercury accumulation in food chains","volume":"22","author":"Jernelov","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406818","article-title":"Depuration of twelve trace metals in tissues of the oysters Crassostrea gigas and C. virginica","volume":"63","author":"Okazaki","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(82)90065-5","article-title":"A model of mercury contamination in a woodland stream","volume":"15","author":"Herrick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01610117","article-title":"Removal of some heavy metals from polluted water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)","volume":"30","author":"Muramoto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(76)90148-X","article-title":"Transport of mercury through a laboratory two-level marine food chain","volume":"7","author":"Parrish","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01607780","article-title":"Accumulation of mercury in larvae and adults, Chironomus riparius (Meigen)","volume":"37","author":"Rossaro","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib45","first-page":"351","article-title":"Determination of mercury by cold-vapor technique in several tissues of treated American red crayfish (Procambrus clarkii)","volume":"23","author":"Del Ramo","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health A"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1976.00472425000500020017x","article-title":"The uptake of mercury from water by the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say)","volume":"5","author":"Ray","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01160295","article-title":"Size-dependence of mercury(II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Gerard)","volume":"18","author":"Newman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1139\/f73-086","article-title":"Temperature effects on mercury accumulation, toxicity, and metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","volume":"30","author":"MacLeod","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1021\/es00162a009","article-title":"Uptake of chlorinated organics from anthropogenically contaminated sediments by oligochaete worms","volume":"21","author":"Oliver","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010318034314000_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/8.2.341","article-title":"Ammonium release by zooplankton in suspensions of heat-killed algae and an evaluation of flow-cell method","volume":"8","author":"Vanderploeg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1897%2F02-395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/22\/10\/2525\/59666272\/5620221041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/22\/10\/2525\/59666272\/5620221041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:06:34Z","timestamp":1735927594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/22\/10\/2525\/7770128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/02-395","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-7268"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-8618"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-04-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}