{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:15:50Z","timestamp":1791047750242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]],"date-time":"2009-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1830,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to soot carbon in marine sediments has been hypothesized to reduce PAH bioavailability. This hypothesis was tested for eight species of marine benthic invertebrates (four polychaete worms, Clymenella torquata, Nereis virens, Cirriformia grandis, and Pectinaria gouldii, and four bivalve mollusks, Macoma balthica, Mulinia lateralis, Yoldia limatula, and Mya arenaria) that span a wide range of feeding behavior, ability to metabolize PAHs, and gut chemistry. Organisms were exposed for 20 d to two PAH-spiked sediments, one with soot and one without soot. The soot treatment generally resulted in lower bioaccumulation than the no soot treatment, though the differences between treatments were not significant for all species. All but one species accumulated significant PAH concentrations in their tissues from the soot treatment, indicating that soot-bound PAH cannot be dismissed as unavailable to infaunal benthic biota. Bioaccumulation factors were correlated negatively to both the organisms' ability to metabolize PAHs and the gut fluid contact angle, supporting the hypotheses that high PAH metabolism results in lower bioaccumulation factors and bioavailability of PAHs may be limited partially by PAH solubilization in the gut lumen. The variability in bioaccumulation due to the soot treatment was much less than the variability between species and between PAH analytes. Comparatively low bioaccumulation was observed in Nereis virens, a species commonly used in bioaccumulation tests. These results suggest that more effort is needed in understanding the salient characteristics of species present in a threatened environment, rather than focusing solely on the sediment geochemistry (e.g., soot and organic carbon content) and contaminant characteristics when predicting ecological risk of PAH-contaminated sediments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/03-355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T19:08:44Z","timestamp":1100804924000},"page":"2594-2603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Influence of soot carbon on the bioaccumulation of sediment-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine benthic invertebrates: An interspecies comparison"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Rust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790\u20135000, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790\u20135000, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Cantwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Brownawell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790\u20135000, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib1","volume-title":"Black Carbon in the Environment","author":"Goldberg","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1021\/es010897f","article-title":"Particle-scale understanding of the bioavailability of PAHs in sediment","volume":"1","author":"Talley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1021\/es9906251","article-title":"Preferential sorption of planar contaminants in sediments from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands","volume":"1","author":"Jonker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1021\/es960317s","article-title":"Quantification of the dilute sedimentary soot phase: Implications for PAH speciation and bioavailability","volume":"1","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1021\/es00006a016","article-title":"Sediment pore water partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three cores from Boston Harbor, Massachusetts","volume":"1","author":"McGroddy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1021\/es950218z","article-title":"Comparison of the in situ and desorption sediment\u2013water partitioning of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls","volume":"1","author":"McGroddy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1021\/es010953c","article-title":"Assessing the combined roles of natural organic matter and black carbon as sorbents in sediments","volume":"1","author":"Accardi-Dey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1021\/es991032t","article-title":"Microscale location, characterization, and association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on harbor sediment particles","volume":"1","author":"Ghosh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(99)00005-5","article-title":"Black carbon in marine sediments","volume":"1","author":"Middleburg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)00370-0","article-title":"The flux of black carbon to surface sediments on the New England continental shelf","volume":"1","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.1021\/es000064+","article-title":"The Aegean Sea oil spill. 2. Temporal study of the hydrocarbons accumulation in bivalves","volume":"1","author":"Porte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200606","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds: 1. Bioconcentration in two marine species and in semipermeable membrane devices during chronic exposure to dispersed crude oil","volume":"1","author":"Baussant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib13","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Model of biota-sediment accumulation factor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"1","author":"Thomann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1897\/1551-5028(1999)018<2205:AAEOAS>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Accumulation and effects of aluminum smelter-generated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soft-bottom invertebrates and fish","volume":"1","author":"Naes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1897\/03-351a","article-title":"The influence of soot on hydrophobic organic contaminant desorption and assimilation efficiency","volume":"1","author":"Lamoureux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3354\/meps212145","article-title":"The role of digestive surfactants in determining bioavailability of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic compounds by two deposit-feeding polychaetes","volume":"1","author":"Ahrens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1021\/es990885i","article-title":"Dissolution of sedimentary poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the lugworm's (Arenicola marina) digestive fluids","volume":"1","author":"Voparil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170510","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro digestive fluid extraction and traditional in vivo approaches as measures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioavailability from sediments","volume":"1","author":"Weston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib19","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Benzo[a]pyrene and zinc solubilization by digestive fluids of benthic invertebrates\u2013a crossphyletic study","volume":"1","author":"Mayer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1897\/03-357","article-title":"Digestive bioavailability to a deposit feeder (Arenicola marina) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with anthropogenic particles","volume":"1","author":"Voparil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1357\/002224001762842271","article-title":"Size-selective downward particle transport by cirratulid polychaetes","volume":"1","author":"Shull","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib22","first-page":"523","article-title":"Effect of burrowing macrobenthos on the flux of dissolved substances across the water\u2013sediment interface","volume":"1","author":"Bird","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mar Freshw Res"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3354\/ame019285","article-title":"Biogeochemical transformations and potential polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation in macro-faunal burrow sediments","volume":"1","author":"Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aquat Microb Ecol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib24","first-page":"969","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of trace organic contaminants from sediment by Baltic clams (Macoma balthica) and soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria)","volume":"1","author":"Foster","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1139\/f78-107","article-title":"Uptake of hydrocarbons from marine sediments contaminated with Prudhoe Bay crude oil: Influence of feeding type of test species and availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"1","author":"Roesijadi","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Fish Res Board Can"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1357\/002224088785113685","article-title":"Crossphyletic patterns of particle selection by deposit feeders","volume":"1","author":"Self","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1897\/1551-5028(1996)015<1401:BAMOBA>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in three species of polychaete worms","volume":"1","author":"Driscoll","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1897\/03-354","article-title":"Relationship between metabolism and bioaccumulation of benzo[a]pyrene in benthic invertebrates","volume":"1","author":"Rust","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1021\/es00139a012","article-title":"Bioavailability and biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons in benthic organisms exposed to sediment from an urban estuary","volume":"1","author":"Varanasi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib30","first-page":"1733","article-title":"Chemical and biological availability of sediment-sorbed hydrophobic organic contaminants","volume":"1","author":"Lamoureux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib31","first-page":"79","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine organisms","volume":"1","author":"Meador","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1021\/es00063a012","article-title":"Bioavailability and toxicokinetics of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sorbed to sediments for the amphipod Pontoporeia hoyi","volume":"1","author":"Landrum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1357\/0022240973224247","article-title":"Digestive environments of benthic macro-invertebrate guts: Enzymes, surfactants, and dissolved organic matter","volume":"1","author":"Mayer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib34","author":"CRC","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib35","volume-title":"Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals","author":"Mackay","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5144","DOI":"10.1021\/es000092s","article-title":"Quantification of the soot-water distribution coefficient of PAHs provides mechanistic basis for enhanced sorption observations","volume":"1","author":"Bucheli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib37","author":"Rust","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1357\/002224002762341267","article-title":"Effects of gut chemistry in marine bivalves on the assimilation of metals from ingested sediment particles","volume":"1","author":"Griscom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Mar Res"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib39","author":"Craig","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160501","article-title":"Comparison of contaminant accumulation in three species of marine invertebrates with different feeding habits","volume":"1","author":"Kaag","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(97)00177-9","article-title":"Physiological responses of infaunal (Mya arenaria) and epifaunal (Placopecten magellanicus) bivalves to variations in the concentration and quality of suspended particles I. Feeding activity and selection","volume":"1","author":"Bacon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3354\/meps240143","article-title":"Feeding physiology of infaunal (Mulinia edulis) and epifaunal (Mytilus chilensis) bivalves under a wide range of concentrations and qualities of seston","volume":"1","author":"Velasco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib43","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025010612245796500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(00)00054-4","article-title":"A survey of in vivo benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in small benthic marine invertebrates","volume":"1","author":"McElroy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1897%2F03-355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/23\/11\/2594\/59675989\/5620231110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/23\/11\/2594\/59675989\/5620231110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1736166310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/23\/11\/2594\/7775178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/03-355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-04-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}