{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:15:06Z","timestamp":1791299706510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]],"date-time":"2009-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1800,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Identification of individual chemical groups is critical in evaluating sediment quality and fractionating these groups of chemicals in a mixture is important to determine the primary chemicals causing toxicity. The in situ toxicity identification evaluation (iTIE) is a novel method that was developed to fractionate chemicals in contaminated sediments and waters and assess toxicity organisms. The study objectives were to verify that the iTIE can help identify contaminant chemical classes and improve the toxicity assessment process; and compare the iTIE and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods. The iTIE exposure chamber is powered by a portable air pump that suctions pore water, via a Venturi system, through selective sorption materials. After passing through the sorptive materials, the pore water passes into an exposure chamber containing Daphnia magna. The chemical sorption materials included Ambersorb\u00ae; 563 for nonpolar organic chemical adsorption, Chelex\u00ae; for metals chelation, and multiple zeolite types for ammonia adsorption. The laboratory studies were performed using water and sediments spiked with ammonia, cadmium, and fluoranthene. The laboratory validation of the iTIE approach showed that different classes of compounds readily could be separated via the resin treatments, resulting in significant differences in concentrations and thus exposures to in situ exposed organisms. Ammonia, cadmium, and fluoranthene were significantly removed by zeolite, Chelex, and Ambersorb, respectively. Although there was some cross-adsorption to the other nontarget resins, it was limited and allowed for treatment differences to be detected. Survival in the treatment resins exposed to the target compounds was as high as control survivals. A 24-h exposure period appeared optimal, allowing for replacement of initial culture water with pore waters, while longer exposures occasionally allowed for breakthrough of contaminants. The iTIE was more sensitive than the U.S. EPA TIE method, in that it detected toxicity more readily due to the greater loss of contaminant concentrations in the TIE manipulation process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/03-409.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,23]],"date-time":"2004-11-23T19:37:12Z","timestamp":1101238632000},"page":"2844-2850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An in situ toxicity identification evaluation method part I: Laboratory validation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"G. Allen","family":"Jr. Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Quality, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanita F","family":"Nordstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Quality, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib1","volume-title":"Methods for collection, storage, and manipulation of sediments for chemical and toxicological analyses: Technical manual","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib2","volume-title":"Guidance document of collection and preparation of sediments for physicochemical characterization and biological testing","author":"Environment Canada","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib3","volume-title":"Standard test methods for collection, characterization, and manipulation of sediment for toxicity testing","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036244","volume-title":"Stormwater Effects Handbook: A Tool Box for Watershed Managers, Scientists, and Engineers","author":"Burton","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib5","author":"Carr","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib6","volume-title":"Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations: Phase III toxicity confirmation procedures","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1988"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib7","volume-title":"Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations\u2014phase I toxicity characterization procedures","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1991","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib8","volume-title":"Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations: Phase II toxicity identification procedures","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib9","first-page":"507","article-title":"Comparison of techniques for the isolation of sediment pore water for toxicity testing","volume":"27","author":"Ankely","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620091211","article-title":"Preparation of benthic substrates for sediment toxicity testing","volume":"9","author":"Ditsworth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620101204","article-title":"Assessing freshwater sediment toxicity","volume":"10","author":"Burton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib12","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Sediment Toxicity Assessment","author":"Burton","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190427","article-title":"Development of a toxicity identification evaluation procedure for characterizing metal toxicity in marine sediments","volume":"19","author":"Burgess","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313373926400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1897\/03-468.1","article-title":"An in situ toxicity identification evaluation method. 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