{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:23:09Z","timestamp":1791310989784,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]],"date-time":"2009-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1891,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Epidemiological and toxicological studies correlate the adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) with the available information regarding their chemical characterization, which has focused on nonpolar organics (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]), which are limited to 15 to 50% of total organic carbon. To study both polar and nonpolar species, we have employed hot pressurized (liquid) water for the fractionation of diesel exhaust and wood smoke PM. In agreement with the results of previous studies, nonpolar fractions from both PM samples showed strong cytotoxicity (cell viability decreased to 50\u201360%) corresponding to the presence of PAHs. Surprisingly, similar decreases in cell viability were also found in polar fractions (50\u00b0C) from both diesel exhaust and wood smoke PM. The midpolarity fractions (100\u2212150\u00b0C) from wood smoke PM also displayed high cytotoxicity corresponding to methoxyphenols and oxy-PAHs. Although the midpolarity fractions from diesel exhaust PM showed no cytotoxicity, genotoxicity was found in the 150\u00b0C fraction, possibly corresponding to nitroaromatics. The present study demonstrates the suitability of hot pressurized water (as a single, nontoxic solvent) for the fractionation and toxicological characterization of wide-range polarity constituents of PM and, possibly, other environmental matrices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/03-613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T18:29:00Z","timestamp":1100802540000},"page":"2243-2250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Toxicity of wide-range polarity fractions from wood smoke and diesel exhaust particulate obtained using hot pressurized water"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alena","family":"Kub\u00e1tov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy&Environmental Research Center, PO Box 9018, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202\u20139018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara S.","family":"Steckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy&Environmental Research Center, PO Box 9018, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202\u20139018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy&Environmental Research Center, PO Box 9018, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202\u20139018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy&Environmental Research Center, PO Box 9018, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202\u20139018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Sr.","given":"Matthew J.","family":"Picklo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology&Therapeutics, PO Box 9037, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203\u20139037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010612293205000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD02719","article-title":"Visibility-reducing organic aerosols in the vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park: Properties observed by high resolution gas chromatography","volume":"102","author":"Mazurek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"2025010612293205000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00501-4","article-title":"Measuring and simulating particulate organics in the atmosphere: Problems and prospects","volume":"34","author":"Turpin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2025010612293205000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60356a001","article-title":"Solvent extraction and organic carbon determination in atmospheric particulate matter. 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