{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:05:19Z","timestamp":1760645119104,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1407,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The presence of atrazine in agricultural sites has been linked to the decline in amphibian populations. The efforts of the scientific community generally are directed toward investigating the long-term effect of atrazine on complex functions (reproduction or respiration), but in the present study, we investigated the short-term effect on the short-circuit current (ISC), a quantitative measure of the ion transport operated by frog (Rana esculenta) skin. Treatment with 5 \u03bcM atrazine (1.08 mg\/L) does not affect the transepithelial outfluxes of [14C]mannitol or [14C]urea; therefore, atrazine does not damage the barrier properties of frog skin. Atrazine causes a dose-dependent increase in the short-circuit current, with a minimum of 4.64 \u00b1 0.76 \u03bcA\/cm2 (11.05% \u00b1 1.22%) and a maximum of 12.7 \u00b1 0.7 \u03bcA\/cm2 (35% \u00b1 2.4%) measured at 10 nM and 5 \u03bcM, respectively. An increase in ISC also is caused by 5 \u03bcM ametryne, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, or terbutryn (other atrazine derivatives). In particular, atrazine increases the transepithelial 22Na+ influx without affecting the outflux. Finally, stimulation of ISC by atrazine is suppressed by SQ 22536, H89, U73122, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, and W7 (blockers of adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, phospholipase C, intracellular Ca2+ increase, and calmodulin, respectively), whereas indomethacin and calphostin C (inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and protein kinase C, respectively) have no effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/05-141r.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]],"date-time":"2006-01-17T22:08:58Z","timestamp":1137535738000},"page":"509-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Atrazine increases the sodium absorption in frog (<i>Rana esculenta<\/i>) skin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cassano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale dell'Universit\u00e0 di Bari, Via Amendola 165\/A-70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Bellantuono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale dell'Universit\u00e0 di Bari, Via Amendola 165\/A-70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Ardizzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico dell'Universit\u00e0 di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale dell'Universit\u00e0 di Bari, Via Amendola 165\/A-70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620150105","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters","volume":"15","author":"Solomon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1126\/science.298.5595.938","article-title":"Conflict brewing over herbicide's link to frog deformities","volume":"298","author":"Renner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/416665a","article-title":"Frogs put in the gender blender by America's favorite herbicide","volume":"416","author":"Dalton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691234618-023","volume-title":"A Natural History of Amphibians","author":"Stebbin","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib5","first-page":"309","article-title":"Checklist and current status of Canadian amphibians","volume":"1","author":"Weller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Herpetological Conservation"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib6","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians","author":"Casper","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2002.00352.x","article-title":"Complexity in conservation: Lessons from the global decline of amphibian population","volume":"5","author":"Blaustein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082121499","article-title":"Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses","volume":"99","author":"Hayes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620220222","article-title":"Response of larval Xenopus laevis to atrazine: Assessment of growth, metamorphosis, and gonadal and laryngeal morphology","volume":"22","author":"Carr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib10","first-page":"141","article-title":"Anuran species richness in agricultural landscapes of Quebec: Foreseeing long-term results of road call surveys","volume":"1","author":"Bonin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Herpetological Conservation"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200411","article-title":"Effects of atrazine on embryos, larvae, and adults of anuran amphibians","volume":"20","author":"Allran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(83)90058-0","article-title":"Studies on the effect of the pyrethroid insecticide decametrin on ionic transport through the in vitro skin of Rana esculenta","volume":"76","author":"Salibian","year":"1983","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(90)90170-E","article-title":"Actions of carbaryl on the ionic transport across the isolated skin of Rana esculenta","volume":"97","author":"Ardizzone","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620191116","article-title":"Interaction of pyrethroid with ion transport pathways present in frog skin","volume":"19","author":"Cassano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620220620","article-title":"Pyrethroid stimulation of ion transport across frog skin","volume":"22","author":"Cassano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2004.05.026","article-title":"Transepithelial electrical measurements with the Ussing chamber","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00800.x","article-title":"Active transport of sodium as the source of electric current in the short-circuited isolated frog skin","volume":"23","author":"Ussing","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2003.10.004","article-title":"Multispecies assessment of electrical resistance as a skin integrity marker for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies","volume":"18","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01869610","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2\u2013stimulated glandular ion and water secretion in isolated frog skin (Rana esculenta)","volume":"97","author":"Bjerregaard","year":"1987","journal-title":"JMembr Biol"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0037rev","article-title":"2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a reliable blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry but an inconsistent inhibitor of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release","volume":"16","author":"Bootman","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib21","first-page":"315","article-title":"Action of dopamine on the ionic transport across the isolated skin of Rana esculenta","volume":"102","author":"Lippe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(73)90154-5","article-title":"Role of Na+ and anions in the triple response of isolated frog skin to norepinephrine","volume":"323","author":"Pinschmidt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib23","first-page":"51","article-title":"Action of capsaicin and related peptides on the ionic transport across the skin of Rana esculenta","volume":"102","author":"Lippe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-3575(79)90004-X","article-title":"Effect of insecticide on the short-circuit current and resistance of isolated frog skin","volume":"10","author":"Webb","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib25","first-page":"385","article-title":"Effects of atrazine on osmoregulation in the Chinese mitten crab","volume":"132","author":"Silvestre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2003.09.001","article-title":"The effect of atrazine on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in fresh water and after sea water transfer","volume":"66","author":"Waring","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010318065674400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01563.x","article-title":"The nature of frog skin potential","volume":"42","author":"Koefoed-Johnsen","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1897%2F05-141R.1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/25\/2\/509\/59675415\/5620250225.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/25\/2\/509\/59675415\/5620250225.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:22:42Z","timestamp":1735928562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/25\/2\/509\/7770770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/05-141r.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-7268"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-8618"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-02-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-07-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}