{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:58:46Z","timestamp":1770983926857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":769,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Considerable attention has been paid to the enantiomeric resolution and toxicity of some chiral organophosphorous pesticides (OPs) with one asymmetric center, but research concerning chiral OPs with two asymmetric centers is still limited. In the present study, the stereoisomeric separation and toxicity of fosthiazate, a chiral OP with two asymmetric centers on phosphorus and carbon atoms, was investigated. All four stereoisomers of fosthiazate were separated successfully with a Chiralpak\u00ae AD [amylase tris(3,5-dimethyl-phenyl carbamate)] column on high-performance liquid chromatography. The resolved isomers and the pairs of enantiomers were further distinguished using a circular dichroism detector and an optical rotation detector, designating the first (pk1) and third (pk3) eluted peaks as one pair of enantiomers and the second (pk2) and fourth (pk4) peaks as the other pair. The developed method was used to prepare microquantities of individual stereoisomers that were used for in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The inhibition potencies of the stereoisomers against acetylcholinesterase of Electrophorus electricus were slightly stereoselective, with a maximum difference of 1.4-fold among the isomers. A 3.1-fold difference, however, was observed in the acute toxicity of isomers to Daphnia magna. The 48-h toxicity of isomers to D. magna followed the order pk1 &amp;gt; pk2 &amp;gt; pk4 &amp;gt; racemate \u2248 pk3. The stereoselective toxicity to D. magna found in fosthiazate suggests that the environmental safety of fosthiazate should be evaluated on the basis of its individual isomers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/07-255r.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T22:17:22Z","timestamp":1192659442000},"page":"2339-2344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Stereoisomeric separation and toxicity of the nematicide fosthiazate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kunde","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, 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