{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:08:20Z","timestamp":1790428100983,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,6]],"date-time":"2010-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":127,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Based on the hypothesis that analysis of gene expression could be used to predict chronic fish toxicity, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test (DarT), developed as a replacement method for the acute fish test, was expanded to a gene expression D. rerio embryo test (Gene-DarT). The effects of 14 substances on lethal and sublethal endpoints of the DarT and on expression of potential marker genes were investigated: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2, cytochrome P450 1A (cypla), heat shock protein 70, fizzy-related protein 1, the transcription factors v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family protein g (avian) 1 and NF-E2-p45-related factor, and heme oxygenase 1 (hmox1). After exposure of zebrafish embryos for 48 h, differential gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, and densitometric analysis of the gels. All tested compounds significantly affected the expression of at least one potential marker gene, with cyp1a and hmox1 being most sensitive. Lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) for gene expression were below concentrations resulting in 10% lethal effects in the DarT. For 10 (3,4- and 3,5-dichloroaniline, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrophenol, atrazine, parathion-ethyl, chlorotoluron, genistein, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, and cadmium) out of the 14 tested substances, LOEC values derived with the Gene-DarT differ by a factor of less than 10 from LOEC values of fish early life stage tests with zebrafish. For pentachloroaniline and pentachlorobenzene, the Gene-DarT showed a 23- and 153-fold higher sensitivity, respectively, while for lindane, it showed a 13-fold lower sensitivity. For ivermectin, the Gene-DarT was by a factor of more than 1,000 less sensitive than the acute fish test. The results of the present study indicate that gene expression analysis in zebrafish embryos could principally be used to predict effect concentrations in the fish early life stage test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1897\/08-627.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,29]],"date-time":"2009-04-29T20:45:32Z","timestamp":1241037932000},"page":"1970-1978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Gene expression analysis in zebrafish embryos: A potential approach to predict effect concentrations in the fish early life stage test"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mirco","family":"Weil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECT Oekotoxikologie, B\u00f6ttgerstr. 2-14, 65439 Fl\u00f6rsheim\/Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Zimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Duis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECT Oekotoxikologie, B\u00f6ttgerstr. 2-14, 65439 Fl\u00f6rsheim\/Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation No 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999\/45\/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793\/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488\/94 as well as Council Directive 76\/769\/EEC and Commission Directives 91\/155\/EEC, 93\/67\/EEC, 93\/105\/EC and 2000\/21\/EC","volume":"396","author":"European Commission","year":"2006","journal-title":"Off J Eur Comm L"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-004-0577-9","article-title":"Animal testing and alternative approaches for the human health risk assessment under the proposed new European chemicals regulation","volume":"78","author":"H\u00f6fer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib3","author":"van der Jagt","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Council Directive 86\/609\/EEC of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes","volume":"358","author":"European Commission","year":"1986","journal-title":"Off J Eur Comm"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opinion on the \u201cAspects of the biology and welfare of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes.\u201d","volume":"292","author":"Animal Health and Animal Welfare Panel of the European Food Safety Authority","year":"2005","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1\/02","key":"2025010317060324900_bib6","first-page":"38","article-title":"DarT: The embryo test with the zebrafish Danio rerio: A general model in ecotoxicology and toxicology","volume":"19","author":"Nagel","year":"2002","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib7","author":"Braunbeck","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib8","author":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib9","volume-title":"Determination of the non-acute-poisonous effect of waste water to fish eggs by dilution limits (T 6)","author":"Deutsches Institut f\u00fcr Normung e.V","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib10","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025010317060324900_bib11","volume-title":"Fish, early life stage toxicity test. 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