{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:10:23Z","timestamp":1792062623032,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9311,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of App Behav Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A token economy that used trading stamps as tokens was instituted at two dangerous open\u2010pit mines. Employees earned stamps for working without lost\u2010time injuries, for being in work groups in which all other workers had no lost\u2010time injuries, for not being involved in equipment\u2010damaging accidents, for making adopted safety suggestions, and for unusual behavior which prevented an injury or accident. They lost stamp awards if they or other workers in their group were injured, caused equipment damage, or failed to report accidents or injuries. The stamps could be exchanged for a selection of thousands of items at redemption stores. Implementation of the token economy was followed by large reductions in the number of days lost from work because of injuries, the number of lost\u2010time injuries, and the costs of accidents and injuries. The reductions in costs far exceeded the costs of operating the token economy. All improvements were maintained over several years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T22:36:27Z","timestamp":1141252587000},"page":"215-224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["THE LONG\u2010TERM EFFECTS OF A TOKEN ECONOMY ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN OPEN\u2010PIT MINING"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"David K.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Kent","family":"Anger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Method of recording and measuring work injury experience","author":"American National Standards Institute.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The token economy: A motivational system for therapy and rehabilitation","author":"Ayllon T.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1968.1-91"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Handbook of research on teaching","author":"Campbell D. T.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(84)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00896423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Haynes R. S.(1980).A behavioral approach to the reduction of accidents of city bus operators. Unpublishedmaster's thesis University of Kansas Lawrence."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.63.4.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Accident facts","author":"National Safety Council.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Noble Drilling's enviable safety record started Green Stamps","author":"Petree P. R.","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Oil Daily"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J075v02n04_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"What are accidents really costing you?","author":"Sheridan P. J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Occupational Hazards"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Human services that work","author":"Stolz S. B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Survey of current business","author":"U.S. Department of Commerce.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Bureau of Labor Statistics reports on occupational injuries and illnesses for 1975","author":"U.S. Department of Labor.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Bureau of Labor Statistics reports on occupational injuries and illnesses for 1983","author":"U.S. Department of Labor.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1985.18-87"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1901%2Fjaba.1987.20-215","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T18:20:40Z","timestamp":1697912440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.1987.20-215","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8855","1938-3703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8855","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-02-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}