{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:21:42Z","timestamp":1788196902695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8945,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of App Behav Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of police enforcement and the use of signs and posters in promoting seat belt use by nighttime tavern patrons. Ten taverns in two cities served as sites. Data were collected on the nighttime seat belt use of tavern patrons and daytime citywide seat belt use. Results indicated that the intervention increased nighttime seat belt use by tavern patrons. Daytime seat belt use increased in one city and remained at a high level in the other following the intervention. Because previous research has shown that tavern patrons are overrepresented in the impaired driving population, and that seat belt use decreases the likelihood of serious injury or death, results of this study suggest that enforcement of seat belt use could reduce casualties resulting from impaired driving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1988.21-271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T22:36:27Z","timestamp":1141252587000},"page":"271-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["THE EFFECTS OF NIGHTTIME SEAT BELT ENFORCEMENT ON SEAT BELT USE BY TAVERN PATRONS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J. E. Louis","family":"Malenfant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Van Houten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Ashton S. J. Mackay G. M. &Camm S.(1983).Seat belt use in Britain under voluntary and mandatory conditions.Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine(pp.65\u201375)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Tavern breath testing as an alcohol countermeasure: A research report to the Ministry of Transport CR 1903","author":"Calvert\u2010Boyanowsky J.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety","author":"Carr B. 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Sameth S. &Akinyemi J.(1980).Seat belt usage and risk\u2010taking behavior at two major traffic intersections.Proceedings of the American Association for Automotive Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","article-title":"Human behavior feedback and traffic safety","author":"Evans L.","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(82)90007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(83)90068-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Night time driver surveys: Organizational and operational experience from Ontario (1979), British Columbia (1981), and Saskatchewan (1981)","author":"Hieatt and Associates, Inc.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"The use of posting, prompting, and police enforcement procedures to increase driver yielding and pedestrian signaling at marked crosswalks","volume":"13","author":"Malenfant L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Police Science and Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"The 1979 Ontario Roadside Survey Summary Report.(1980). Interministerial Committee on Drinking\u2010Driving Ottawa Ontario Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"The British \u201cbreathalyzer\u201d crackdown of 1967","volume":"13","author":"Ross L. H.","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"1974 National roadside survey: BAC of night time Canadian drivers","author":"Smith G. A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Alcohol use by drivers fatally injured in motor vehicle accidents: Focus on 1983\u20101984","author":"Transport Canada.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1985.18-103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1375","volume-title":"Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety","author":"Houten R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"R.I.D.E. 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