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Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial (Ghitza et al., 2007) to determine the effects of the probability of winning a prize (low vs. high) and the size of the prize won (small, large, or jumbo) on likelihood of abstinence until the next urine\u2010collection day for heroin and cocaine users (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 116) in methadone maintenance. Higher probability of winning, but not the size of individual prizes, was associated with a greater percentage of cocaine\u2010negative, but not opiate\u2010negative, urines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2008.41-539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T07:00:32Z","timestamp":1243839632000},"page":"539-549","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT PROBABILITY AND PRIZE SIZE ON COCAINE AND HEROIN ABSTINENCE IN PRIZE\u2010BASED CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Udi E.","family":"Ghitza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schmittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massoud","family":"Vahabzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenzie L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.12.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.14.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.11.4.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.9.3.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9639.00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.17.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.2.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.8.3.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.9.1218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mathematical statistics","author":"Hogg R. 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