{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:56:08Z","timestamp":1721091368708},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11440,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Five rats responded under concurrent fixed\u2010interval variable\u2010ratio schedules of food reinforcement. Fixed\u2010interval values ranged from 50\u2010seconds to 300\u2010seconds and variable\u2010ratio values ranged from 30 to 360; a five\u2010second changeover delay was in effect throughout the experiment. The relations between reinforcement ratios obtained from the two schedules and the ratios of responses and time spent on the schedules were described by Baum's (1974) generalized matching equation. All subjects undermatched both response and time ratios to reinforcement ratios, and all subjects displayed systematic bias in favor of the variable\u2010ratio schedules. Response ratios undermatched reinforcement ratios less than did time ratios, but response ratios produced greater bias than did time ratios for every subject and for the group as a whole. Local rates of responding were generally higher on the variable\u2010ratio than on the fixed\u2010interval schedules. When responding was maintained by both schedules, a period of no responding on either schedule immediately after fixed\u2010interval reinforcement typically was followed by high\u2010rate responding on the variable\u2010ratio schedule. At short fixed\u2010interval values, when a changeover to the fixed\u2010interval schedule was made, responding usually continued until fixed\u2010interval reinforcement was obtained; at longer values, a changeover back to the variable\u2010ratio schedule usually occurred when fixed\u2010interval reinforcement was not forthcoming within a few seconds, and responding then alternated between the two schedules every few seconds until fixed\u2010interval reinforcement finally was obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1981.36-317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T17:04:16Z","timestamp":1141319056000},"page":"317-328","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["CONCURRENT FIXED\u2010INTERVAL VARIABLE\u2010RATIO SCHEDULES AND THE MATCHING RELATION"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Rider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1977.27-171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1974.22-231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1979.32-269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Operant behavior: Areas of research and aplication","author":"Catania A. 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