{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T04:51:07Z","timestamp":1698295867207},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11198,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive defecation, typically considered to be a concomitant of stress, was experimentally induced or eliminated under specific schedules of positive reinforcement of lever pressing by rats. The schedules were, by and large, those under which polydipsia is typically induced. In the first of three experiments, rats under fixed\u2010interval 32\u2010second schedules and variable interval 32\u2010second schedules for food and water reinforcers defecated profusely, but not under fixed\u2010interval one\u2010second schedules or other small interval schedules. Somewhat higher rates of defecation were observed on variable interval 32\u2010second schedules than on fixed\u2010interval 32\u2010second schedules. In a second experiment, fixed\u2010ratio schedules were used, some of which resulted in responding such that reinforcement densities were similar to those on the interval schedules that induced defecation. Defecation was not systematically induced by these ratio schedules. In a third experiment, fixed\u2010time schedules of food presentations were utilized. High rates of defecation were induced comparable to those induced by interval schedules of the same time parameter. No other behavior commonly termed \u201cemotional\u201d was observed in any of these experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1982.38-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,3]],"date-time":"2006-03-03T17:16:29Z","timestamp":1141406189000},"page":"19-34","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["SCHEDULE\u2010INDUCED DEFECATION"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Frederick","family":"Rayfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Goldiamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2_2","unstructured":"The authors are indebted to Paul Andronis and T. Joe Layng for help in clarifying this point. Since the writing of this article Rayfield has experimentally demonstrated scalloped responding of the type found in FI schedules under FT schedules. The ancillary behavior recorded was nose or paw operation of a cover to the food magazine. A poster session of the experiment was presented at the 1981 annual meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis Milwaukee entitled: Operant Responding on FT Schedules."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1965.8-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1963.6-620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1966.9-191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1958.1-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1972.17-395"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03342353"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1977.27-419"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0062283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.133.3447.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_13_1","volume-title":"Thirst: First international symposium on thirst in the regulation of body water","author":"Falk J. 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