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During tests, a white block was placed in front of the opening, so that it was not possible to peck the key without removing the block. All birds failed to remove the block. However, all birds that were subsequently trained to push the white block around the chamber in the absence of the key and a few of the birds trained similarly but with a black block solved the problem by pushing the block aside and pecking the key. One bird showed the abrupt descent in the learning curve that has been considered a characteristic of \u201cinsightful\u201d problem solving. All birds maintained their successful performance after a 1\u2010month interval with no intervening tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1993.59-131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T16:42:55Z","timestamp":1141317775000},"page":"131-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["REMOVAL OF AN OBSTACLE: PROBLEM\u2010SOLVING BEHAVIOR IN PIGEONS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sadahiko","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0060407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","article-title":"Chimpanzee translocation by means of boxes","volume":"5","author":"Bingham H. 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