{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:12:32Z","timestamp":1791144752992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4805,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies from two different laboratories tested for equivalence classes in individuals with severe mental retardation and minimal verbal repertoires. In the first study, 3 individuals learned several matching\u2010to\u2010sample performances: matching picture comparison stimuli to dictated\u2010word sample stimuli (AB), matching those same pictures to printed letter samples (CB), and also matching the pictures to nonrepresentative forms (DB). On subsequent tests, all individuals immediately displayed Emergent Relations AC, AD, BC, BD, CD, and DC, together constituting a positive demonstration of equivalence (as defined by Sidman). The second study obtained a positive equivalence test outcome in 1 of 2 individuals with similarly minimal verbal repertoires. Taken together, these studies call into question previous assertions that equivalence classes are demonstrable only in individuals with well\u2010developed language repertoires.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2000.74-101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T16:42:55Z","timestamp":1141317775000},"page":"101-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["EQUIVALENCE CLASSES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH MINIMAL VERBAL REPERTOIRES"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"McIlvane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Teaching conditional discrimination to young children: Some methodological successes and failures","volume":"9","author":"Augustson K. G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy","author":"Bates E.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Stimulus equivalence, naming and contextual control: Studies with language disabled, autistic adolescents","author":"Carr D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1992.58-183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1978.29-565"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1985.44-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1986.46-243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1977.27-433"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Learning and complex behavior","author":"Donahoe J. W.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Computer software for stimulus control research with Macintosh computers","volume":"9","author":"Dube W. V.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(93)90038-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(06)80110-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1987.47-159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1989.51-65"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Behaviour analysis in theory and practice: Contributions and controversies","author":"Dugdale N.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Peabody picture vocabulary test\u2014Revised","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Theory of instruction: Principles and applications","author":"Engelmann S.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"MacArthur communicative development inventories","author":"Fenson L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Expressive one\u2010word picture vocabulary test\u2014Revised","author":"Gardner M. F.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07434619012331275284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1973.6-311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Dialogues on verbal behavior","author":"Hayes S. C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1996.65-185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Derbyshire language scheme","author":"Knowles K.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1998.70-235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"International review of research in mental retardation","author":"McIlvane W. J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1996.65-267"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1987.48-187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Issues in experimental and applied analyses of human behavior","author":"McIlvane W. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Acquisition of matching\u2010to\u2010sample performances in severe retardation: Learning by exclusion","volume":"25","author":"McIlvane W. J.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Deficiency Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-4684(85)90002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Reynell developmental language scales","author":"Reynell J. K.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1990.54-239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/sava90374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03395915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(1998)103<0060:BAOSRI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1401.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Two choices are not enough","volume":"22","author":"Sidman M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behavior Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Equivalence relations and behavior: A research story","author":"Sidman M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1982.37-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(89)90035-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1982.37-329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.34.6.1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stimulus organization and learning by exclusion: A preliminary experimental analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wilkinson K. W.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1992.57-109"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1901%2Fjeab.2000.74-101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1901\/jeab.2000.74-101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T12:13:20Z","timestamp":1698581600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1901\/jeab.2000.74-101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1901\/jeab.2000.74-101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jeab.2000.74-101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5002","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-02-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}