{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:55:58Z","timestamp":1793422558249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1032,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this translational study was twofold: (1) to contrast behavioral and brain activity between pathological and nonpathological gamblers, and (2) to examine differences as a function of the outcome of the spin of a slot machine, focusing predominately on the \u201cNear\u2010Miss\u201d\u2014when two reels stop on the same symbol, and that symbol is just above or below the payoff line on the third reel. Twenty\u2010two participants (11 nonpathological; 11 pathological) completed the study by rating the closeness of various outcomes of slot machine displays (wins, losses, and near\u2010misses) to a win. No behavioral differences were observed between groups of participants, however, differences in brain activity were found in the left midbrain, near the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (SN \/ VTA). Near\u2010miss outcomes uniquely activated brain regions associated with wins for the pathological gamblers and regions associated with losses for the nonpathological gamblers. Thus, near\u2010miss outcomes on slot machines may contain both functional and neurological properties of wins for pathological gamblers. Such a translational approach to the study of gambling behavior may be considered an example that gives life to B. F. Skinner's conceptualization of the physiologist of the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2010.93-313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T08:00:26Z","timestamp":1291190426000},"page":"313-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["NEUROBEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE FOR THE \u201cNEAR\u2010MISS\u201d EFFECT IN PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490910844"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(03)00150-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2551-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Gambling, shaping, and ratio contingencies","volume":"2","author":"Catania A. 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