{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T19:04:32Z","timestamp":1787425472407,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]],"date-time":"1994-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":780969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>T<jats:sc>he use of smokeless tobacco<\/jats:sc> (<jats:sc>st<\/jats:sc>) <jats:sc>products<\/jats:sc> is associated with mucosal lesions, gingival recession, and attachment loss at the site of tobacco placement. Monocytes\/macrophages are primary producers of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and IL\u20101\u03b2, inflammatory mediators which are thought to play a role in the destruction of the periodontium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ST alone and in combination with a major stimulator of inflammation, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on monocyte secretion of these mediators. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were isolated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation from 15 healthy donors who were non\u2010ST users. PBM were incubated for 24 hours in RPMI 1640 containing various concentrations of ST (0%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 1%) with or without 10 \u03bcg\/ml LPS (<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> LPS or <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> LPS). Of the ST preparations, only 1% ST resulted in PBM mediator secretion (7.7 \u00b1 2.0 ng\/ml for PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and 1.3 \u00b1 0.2 ng\/ml for IL\u20101\u03b2) above that of control (unstimulated) cultures. Furthermore, the combination of 1% ST and LPS resulted in a potentiation of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> release (5\u2010fold for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> LPS + 1% ST and 10\u2010fold for <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> LPS + 1% ST; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001, one\u2010way ANOVA) relative to the LPS preparations alone. In contrast, PBM IL\u20101\u03b2 release decreased more than 2\u2010fold upon <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> LPS and 1% ST exposure, relative to treatment with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> LPS alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001, one\u2010way ANOVA). PBM IL\u20101\u03b2 release either increased or decreased following treatment with <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> LPS + 1% ST, depending on the magnitude of the <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> LPS response alone. These data indicate that ST has profound effects on monocyte secretion of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and IL\u20101\u03b2, and modulates the LPS\u2010mediated monocyte response. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1994;65:937\u2013941<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T23:12:55Z","timestamp":1332285175000},"page":"937-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Smokeless Tobacco Effects on Monocyte Secretion of PGE<sub>2<\/sub> and IL\u20101\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance R.","family":"Maze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashinath D.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.937","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:20:20Z","timestamp":1760872820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.937","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}}}