{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:00:23Z","timestamp":1778133623036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]],"date-time":"1996-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":823132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>G<jats:sc>ingival recession and white mucosal<\/jats:sc> lesions frequently occur at sites of smokeless tobacco (ST) placement. The etiology of these alterations is presumably related to the irritating effects of tobacco components. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an aqueous ST extract (STE) on gingival keratinocyte production of prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and interleukin\u20101 (IL\u20101), mediators involved in periodontal destruction and keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte cultures were established from healthy tissues discarded from 8 subjects undergoing crown lengthening procedures. Cells (passage 2\u20103) were seeded at 2.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> cells\/well into 48 well tissue culture plates and maintained in serum\u2010free media at 37\u00b0C. On day 4 or 5, the wells were divided into 4 groups receiving either 10%, 5%, 2.5%, or 0% STE for time periods ranging from 30 to 240 minutes. PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels (pg\/10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> cells), as measured by enzyme immunoassay, were significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) increased in the 10% (215.66 \u00b1 34.58) and 5% STE (151.82 \u00b1 27.97) treated cultures compared to untreated cells (46.16 \u00b1 9.58). IL\u2010l\u03b1 and IL\u2010l\u03b2 proteins were elevated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in cell lysates (299.45 \u00b1 38.69 and 28.45 \u00b1 5.18, respectively) from 5% STE exposed cultures compared to control wells. At 10% STE, secreted IL\u2010l\u03b1 was decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) relative to 2.5% STE. This may reflect a toxic effect, as 10% STE significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) depressed cell numbers and viability. Lower tobacco concentrations did not affect cell numbers or viability, but significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) increased PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and IL\u20101 levels. Tobaccoinduced synthesis of these mediators may play a role in the development of tobaccorelated oral disease. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1996;67:116\u2013124<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T19:44:02Z","timestamp":1332272642000},"page":"116-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Extract on Human Gingival Keratinocyte Levels of Prostaglandin E<sub>2<\/sub> and Interleukin\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Georgia K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Poore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie C.","family":"Organ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:49:49Z","timestamp":1760874589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.2.116","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]}}}