{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:40:51Z","timestamp":1760920851200,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]],"date-time":"1996-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":825638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>C<jats:sc>yclosportne a (csa) is a widely used<\/jats:sc> immunosuppressant for transplant patients and is also used for the treatment of a wide variety of systemic diseases with immunologic components. A prominent side effect of CSA administration is gingival overgrowth (hyperplasia). It has been postulated that CSA alters fibroblast activity through effects on various growth factors\/cytokines. However, as yet, data concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in pathologic connective tissue proliferation are preliminary in nature. Our previous investigations concerning phenytoin\u2010induced effects on platelet\u2010derived growth factor B (PDGF\u2010B) gene expression have demonstrated that other drugs which cause gingival overgrowth can upregulate macrophage PDGF\u2010B gene expression in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate PDGF\u2010B gene expression in gingival tissues of patients receiving CSA therapy and exhibiting gingival overgrowth to determine if similar PDGF\u2010B upregulation occurs in response to CSA and to identify PDGF\u2010B producing cells in these tissues. Quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QC\u2010RTPCR) techniques were utilized to measure PDGF\u2010B mRNA levels in CSA overgrowth patients and normal controls (N = 6\/group). Results were expressed as mean \u00b1 mRNA copy number and tested for significance using unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests. Gingival samples were harvested (standardized for local inflammation at the sample site), total RNA was extracted, and QC\u2010RTPCR was performed using specific PDGF\u2010B primers and a corresponding competitive internal standard. CSA\u2010treated patients exhibiting gingival overgrowth demonstrated approximately 48\u2010fold increase in PDGF\u2010B mRNA (7667.1 \u00b1 477.4 copies for CSA patients vs. 158.2 \u00b1 37.1 copies for controls; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, dual fluorescence immunohistochemistry for mature macrophage marker antigen (CD51) and intracellular PDGF\u2010B was utilized to identify and localize PDGFB producing cells in hyperplastic gingiva of CSA\u2010treated patients. PDGF\u2010B producing cells were demonstrated to be macrophages distributed in a non\u2010uniform manner throughout the papillary connective tissue. These results further support the hypothesis that the molecular mechanisms responsible for drug\u2010induced gingival overgrowth may involve upregulation of PDGF\u2010B macrophage gene expression. We continue to investigate specific CSA\u2010induced alterations of macrophage PDGF\u2010B gene expression in vitro and in vivo. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1996;67:271\u2013278<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3.271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T20:10:32Z","timestamp":1332274232000},"page":"271-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cyclosporine A Upregulates Platelet\u2010Derived Growth Factor B Chain in Hyperplastic Human Gingiva"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Salvador","family":"Nares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"May C.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell E.","family":"Dill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bina","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Iacopino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3.271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T13:16:38Z","timestamp":1760879798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3.271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3.271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3.271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3492"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-3670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]}}}