{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:24:57Z","timestamp":1771550697149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]],"date-time":"1996-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":825638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>R<jats:sc>ecent studies of the dental plaque<\/jats:sc> bacteria associated with the various forms of early\u2010onset periodontitis confirm the importance of target periodontal pathogens such as <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> in these diseases. <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> strains exhibit a wide range of variability in leukotoxin production. By virtue of a unique promoter for the leukotoxin (<jats:italic>ltx<\/jats:italic>) operon, highly leukotoxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> strains (e.g., JP2) express 10\u2010 to 20\u2010times greater levels of leukotoxin than minimally toxic strains (e.g., 652). In dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, the distribution of leukotoxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> was examined among 165 fresh isolates and strains from our culture collection obtained from 91 human patients and non\u2010human primates. Highly leukotoxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> strains were found in 22% of the subjects and represented 28% of the isolates examined. This is a much higher prevalence than reported in a similar survey of <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> strains from Northern Europe. Patients harboring the highly leukotoxic strains were much younger (mean age 12.7 years) than those harboring minimally toxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> (mean age 25.5 years). In addition, patients with localized juvenile periodontitis were shown to have a substantially higher prevalence of highly leukotoxic strains than healthy individuals or those with adult periodontitis. Fifty\u2010seven percent of the localized juvenile periodontitis patients harbored these strains and 64% of the isolates obtained from these patients were highly toxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>. No highly toxic strains were identified from healthy individuals or from patients with adult periodontitis. The polymerase chain reaction assay could readily identify and distinguish the <jats:italic>ltx<\/jats:italic> promoters from highly toxic and minimally toxic <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> in whole plaque samples. These data point to the importance of specific <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> strains, as characterized by their expression of high levels of leukotoxin, in the pathogenesis of certain types of early\u2010onset periodontitis and, possibly, other forms of rapidly progressing periodontitis. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1996;67:282\u2013290.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T19:41:25Z","timestamp":1332272485000},"page":"282-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The Microbiology of Early\u2010Onset Periodontitis: Association of Highly Toxic <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/i> Strains With Localized Juvenile Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Zambon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violet I.","family":"Haraszthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Govind","family":"Hariharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Demuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:09:21Z","timestamp":1760882961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3S","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1996.67.3s.282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]}}}