{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:28:15Z","timestamp":1768433295248,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,1]],"date-time":"1998-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":888710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>T<jats:sc>he aims of this investigation<\/jats:sc> were to histologically evaluate in monkeys the effect of a repetitive mechanical trauma alone on the peri\u2010implant tissues, and the effect of a repetitive mechanical trauma in combination with hgature\u2010induced peri\u2010implantitis on the peri\u2010implant tissues. The study used 5 male cynomolgus monkeys. Prior to the start of the study, all premolare and the first and second molars in the mandible were extracted. After a heahng period of 12 weeks, following tooth extraction, split\/full thickness flaps were elevated on both sides of the mandible in order to expose the bony ridge. Four implants, of 3.75 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length, were then inserted on each side and the flaps were readapted and sutured in place. Following a heahng period of 16 weeks, the second stage procedure was performed, impressions were taken, and custommade crowns using a non\u2010precious metal alloy were fabricated and inserted on all implants 4 weeks after abutment connection. At the same time peri\u2010implantitis was induced on one side of the mandible by placing plaque\u2010retentive ligatures around the implants. On the other side, an oral hygiene program consisting of thrice weekly bmshing with a toothbrush and flour of pumice mixed with 2% Chlorhexidine was initiated. Four months later, a repetitive mechanical trauma was initiated on implants 1 and 2 on both sides in the mandible. Consequently, a split mouth design was obtained: 1) test 1 = hgature\u2010induced peri\u2010implantitis alone (LPNO); 2) test 2 = ligature\u2010induced peri\u2010implantitits with a repetitive mechanical trauma (LPMT); 3) test 3 = healthy peri\u2010implant tissues with a repetitive mechanical trauma (MT); and 4) control (NO) = healthy peri\u2010implant tissues with no repetitive mechanical trauma. Following 16 weeks of repetitive mechanical trauma the animals were sacrificed. Histologic observations and computed\u2010assisted histometric and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the amount of peri\u2010implant bone loss and the percentage of direct mineralized bone\u2010to\u2010implant contact around each endosseous oral implant. Histologically, all implants yielded osseointegration at the light microscopic level. There was a significant difference regarding the mean direct mineralized bone\u2010to\u2010implant contact length as a fraction of the total implant length between the healthy (i.e., MT and NO) and diseased sites (i.e., LPNO and LPMT) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). When comparing the percent of direct mineralized bone\u2010to\u2010implant contact for the 2 best threads of each implant and group, no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.675) could be detected. Under the conditions of this study, the repetitive mechanical trauma showed no histologic effect on the peri\u2010implant bone loss neither in healthy nor in diseased implant sites. The effects of excessive loading on osseointegration are presently not clearly understood. The key problem seems to be the determination when loading on implants exceeds the physiological range of bone adaptation which may then cause implant failure. Further research to elucidate this problem is essential. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1998;69:396\u2013404<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1332247951000},"page":"396-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Changes in Peri\u2010Implant Tissues Subjected to Orthodontic Forces and Ligature Breakdown in Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Markus B.","family":"H\u00fcrzeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Kohal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg R.","family":"Strub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uli","family":"Teuscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul G.","family":"Caffesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:40:53Z","timestamp":1760884853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.3.396","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}}}