{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:44:38Z","timestamp":1760888678733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>C<jats:sc>yclosporine<\/jats:sc> A(C<jats:sc>s<\/jats:sc>A) <jats:sc>is successfully<\/jats:sc> used to prevent graft rejection in organ transplantation and in the treatment of various systemic diseases. CsA\u2010induced gingival overgrowth (CsA GO) is one of the most important side effects of this drug. However, the pathogenesis of this side effect is still unclear. It has been postulated that CsA\u2010induced alterations of cytokine levels in gingival tissues might play a role in the drug\u2010induced gingival overgrowth. The purpose of the present study was to determine the levels of interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and IL\u20106 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from renal transplant patients receiving CsA therapy and exhibiting CsA GO. Sixteen renal transplant patients receiving CsA, 12 patients with gingivitis, and 11 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Data were obtained on plaque index, papilla bleeding index (PBI), and hyperplastic index from each study site. GCF samples and clinical data were obtained from: 1) 2 sites exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO+) and 2 sites not exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO\u2014) in each CsA\u2010treated patient; 2) diseased sites in each patient with gingivitis; and 3) 2 healthy sites in each subject with clinically healthy periodontium. CsA GO+ and CsA GO\u2014 sites were also divided into 2 subgroups as clinically uninflamed (PBI = 0) and inflamed (PBI\u22651). The total amounts of cytokines in GCF were assayed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. GCF IL\u20101\u03b2 levels were significantly higher in CsA GO+ sites compared to CsA GO\u2014 sites. Higher GCF levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 were detected in diseased sites compared to healthy sites. Although GCF IL\u20101\u03b2 levels in CsA GO+ sites were significantly higher than in the diseased sites, IL\u20106 levels of these sites were lower than in the diseased sites, whereas clinical degrees of gingival inflammation were similar in CsA GO+ and diseased sites. Additionally, while IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 levels were similar in uninflamed CsA GO\u2014 sites and healthy sites, IL\u20101\u03b2 levels were significantly higher in uninflamed CsA GO+ sites compared to healthy sites and uninflamed CsA GO\u2014 sites. However, II\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 levels were significantly higher in inflamed CsA GO\u2014 sites compared to uninflamed CsA GO+ sites. No significant changes in GCF TNF\u2010\u03b2 levels were found between the groups. These data indicate that CsA therapy does not increase IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 levels in GCF directly and that gingival inflammation plays a significant role in the elevation of GCF IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 levels. For this reason, it is suggested that the alterations of GCF IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106 levels in CsA\u2010treated patients might be responsible for the CsA\u2010induced gingival overgrowth not by itself but also in combination with other factors associated with inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the levels of cytokines in GCF of CsA\u2010treated patients. We believe that further studies will contribute to the description of the pathogenesis of CsA\u2010induced gingival overgrowth. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1998;69:784\u2013790<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.7.784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T13:47:40Z","timestamp":1332251260000},"page":"784-790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Crevicular Fluid Interleukin\u20101\u03b2, Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2010\u03b1, and Interleukin\u20106 Levels in Renal Transplant Patients Receiving Cyclosporine A"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcl","family":"Atilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Necil","family":"K\u00fct\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.7.784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1760875146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.7.784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1998.69.7.784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1998.69.7.784","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3492"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-3670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}}}