{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:15:03Z","timestamp":1790936103089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Genetic polymorphisms at interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 were recently suggested to be associated with severity of adult periodontitis. We evaluated whether these polymorphisms might also be associated with early\u2010onset periodontitis (EOP) in 28 African American families and 7 Caucasian American families with 2 or more affected members.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles of different fragment sizes. Genetic epidemiological methods suitable for family data were used that are robust to false\u2010positive findings due to mismatching of cases and controls or mixed subpopulations of different ethnic or geographic origin. The 2 major EOP subtypes, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized early\u2010onset periodontitis (GEOP, encompassing rapidly progressive periodontitis and generalized juvenile periodontitis), were analyzed both separately and together.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We obtained highly significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium for both African American and Caucasian G\u2010EOP subjects. A similar trend was noted for LJP. The IL\u20101 alleles associated with high risk of EOP had been suggested previously to be correlated with low risk for severe adult periodontitis. Disequilibrium with G\u2010EOP was equally strong for smoking and non\u2010smoking subjects. IL\u20101\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 polymorphisms were in strong disequilibrium with each other in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Haplotype analyses evaluating both polymorphisms simultaneously indicated that the IL\u20101\u03b2 variant is likely to be most important for EOP risk. Sibpair linkage analyses, by contrast, provided only marginal support for a gene of very major effect on EOP risk attributable to these IL\u20101 polymorphisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Recent theoretical analyses indicate that our findings are most consistent with an interpretation of EOP as a complex, oligogenic disorder, with IL\u20101 genetic variation contributing an important but not exclusive influence on disease risk. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 1999;70:418\u2010430.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T06:06:53Z","timestamp":1107324413000},"page":"418-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Linkage Disequilibrium of Interleukin\u20101 Genetic Polymorphisms With Early\u2010Onset Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Diehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YueFen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol N.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Burmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph V.","family":"Califano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengbiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey A.","family":"Schenkein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T13:39:16Z","timestamp":1760881156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1999.70.4.418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}