{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:13:19Z","timestamp":1774977199043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Nifedipine and cyclosporin A (CsA) induce gingival overgrowth. Both drugs have immunomodulating effects. It has been suggested that altered immune response is associated with drug\u2010induced gingival overgrowth. In this study, we evaluated whether there were differences in macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations in human nifedipine\u2010 and CsA\u2010associated gingival overgrowth as compared with those in normal gingiva.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Biopsy samples of overgrown gingiva were obtained from 9 nifedipine\u2010treated cardiac outpatients, 13 CsA\u2010treated renal transplant recipients including 9 patients who were also receiving nifedipine, and 30 healthy control individuals undergoing dental treatment. Serial 5 \u00b5m thick cryostat sections were stained with mAbs for CD20 (B\u2010pan), CD68 (macrophages), CD4 (T\u2010helper\/inducer), and CD8 (T\u2010cytotoxic\/suppressor) using an avidin\u2010biotin\u2010horseradish peroxidase complex method. Numbers of mAb\u2010labeled and all nucleated cells were determined in 3 areas: the connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium, the middle connective tissue, and the connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium. Distributions of each type of cell were expressed as percentages of mAb\u2010labeled cells in relation to total number of nucleated cells in a counting zone. Significances of differences between groups were tested by means of the Kruskal\u2010Wallis test, and between pairs of results by means of the Mann\u2010Whitney U\u2010test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The proportion of CD8\u2010labeled cells was significantly higher in connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium in the nifedipine group than in the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014). In both medicated groups, the proportions of CD68\u2010labeled cells were higher in all counting zones than in the controls, but statistically significantly only in the nifedipine group in the connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). No intergroup differences were found with respect to CD4\u2010 and CD20\u2010labeled cells. The CD4\/CD8 ratio was significantly lower in connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium in the nifedipine group than in the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.013).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The results support the idea that immune response may be altered in drug\u2010induced gingival overgrowth. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 2001;72: 160\u2010166.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T06:49:51Z","timestamp":1107326991000},"page":"160-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Macrophages and Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Nifedipine\u2010 and Cyclosporin A\u2010Associated Human Gingival Overgrowth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Hilkka E.","family":"Pernu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti L. E.","family":"Knuuttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T12:51:43Z","timestamp":1760878303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}