{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:33:03Z","timestamp":1775799183567,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The pathogenesis of early\u2010onset periodontitis (EOP) can be explained by various host risk factors. Previous studies have focused on a single (among many possible) immunological risk factor and the association among the factors has not been assessed. We comprehensively investigated the associations among multiple host immunological risk factors in EOP patients to further elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of EOP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Sixty\u2010eight EOP patients (50 generalized EOP, 18 localized EOP), 51 EOP\u2010suspected patients (S\u2010EOP), 43 adult periodontitis (AP) patients, and 36 periodontally healthy subjects (HS) participated in this cross\u2010sectional study. We examined peripheral neutrophil functions, phenotypic and functional characterization of peripheral lymphocytes (lymphocyte subsets, T\u2010cell proliferative activity), cytokine productivity (interleukin [IL]\u20101, IL\u20102, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]\u2010\u03b1, interferon [IFN]\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104 and IL\u20106), serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against 12 periodontal bacteria, and HLA class II genotypes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> G\u2010EOP, S\u2010EOP, and AP patient groups showed significantly lower percentages of pan T cells and CD8\u2010positive cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.02) compared with the HS group. L\u2010EOP patients showed depressed IL\u20104 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 productivity compared with the HS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.02). The EOP group showed significantly elevated antibody levels against <jats:italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> compared with the HS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). The frequency with DQB1*0503 was significantly higher in the EOP patient group than the HS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045) due to the higher frequency in L\u2010EOP patients than the HS group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.035). There were wide interindividual variations in each of the tests among patient and HS groups; however, EOP patients showed wider intradiagnostic group variations in certain host defensive cell functions than the other groups. There were some EOP patients who showed extremely low or high values in some tests; the EOP patients could be further divided into subgroups according to their host defensive and immunological profiles. However, there was heterogeneity in some of the other host immunological tests even in the subgroups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The association of host immunological risk factors in EOP patients is widely varied and more complex than previously thought. These results indicate the difficulty of explaining the pathogenesis of EOP based on a single host risk factor and also emphasize the importance of critical assessment of not only EOP patient groups, but also individual patients. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 2001;72:425\u2010437.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.4.425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T06:53:23Z","timestamp":1107327203000},"page":"425-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Heterogeneity of Host Immunological Risk Factors in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Keiso","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michitaka","family":"Kitanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Sawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Mineshiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fusanori","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Takashiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.4.425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:26:58Z","timestamp":1760869618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.4.425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2001.72.4.425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2001.72.4.425","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}