{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:12:30Z","timestamp":1777425150881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Smoking has been associated with periodontitis severity and is considered a risk factor for its development. It has been reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) produced by host cells plays a major role in periodontal tissue destruction. Thus, the present study tested, in rats, the hypothesis that local increased levels of MMP\u20102 would be associated with the enhanced periodontitis\u2010related bone loss after intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010seven adult male Wistar rats were used. A ligature was placed around one of the mandibular first molars of each animal and they were randomly assigned to the following control (N = 13) or CSI (N = 14) group. Sixty days later, the animals were sacrificed, the gingival tissues harvested, and the specimens processed for decalcified sections. Extracts from the gingival tissues were prepared and assayed for MMP\u20102 expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Intergroup comparisons (unligated sites) showed that CSI might directly affect alveolar bone (0.16 \u00b1 0.03 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 0.24 \u00b1 0.09 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for non\u2010smokers and smokers, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Moreover, CSI significantly enhanced bone loss resulting from experimental periodontitis (0.64 \u00b1 0.36 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 1.50 \u00b1 0.50 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for non\u2010smokers and smokers, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). In addition, zymography demonstrated that CSI also enhanced both MMP\u20102 levels and activity in the gingival tissues around ligated teeth.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Within the limits of the present investigation, it can be assumed that the effect of CSI on MMP\u20102 levels and activity may account for the increased periodontitis progression rate observed in smokers. <jats:italic>J Periodontol 2004;75:995\u20101000<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T08:00:53Z","timestamp":1107331253000},"page":"995-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Matrix Metalloproteinase\u20102 May Be Involved With Increased Bone Loss Associated With Experimental Periodontitis and Smoking: A Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista C\u00e9sar","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deise","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Heitor","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enilson Antonio","family":"Sallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Francisco Humberto","family":"Nociti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"container-title":["Journal of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:14:47Z","timestamp":1760865287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2004.75.7.995","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3492","1943-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3492","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}